SEC Filing | Charter Communications Inc.

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chtr-20210630

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________

FORM 10-Q

______________

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From to

Commission File Number: 001-33664

https://cdn.kscope.io/fb946d8253f1573a31304c53d2182fd1-chtr-20210630_g1.jpg

Charter Communications, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			84-1496755
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

400 Washington Blvd.	Stamford	Connecticut	06902
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

(203) 905-7801

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock $.001 Par Value	CHTR	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x

Number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2021: 183,822,205

Number of shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2021: 1

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page No.
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1	Financial Statements ‑ Charter Communications, Inc. and Subsidiaries
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	1
	Consolidated Statements of Operations
	for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	2
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
	for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	4
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	5

Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22

Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	35

Item 4	Controls and Procedures	35

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1	Legal Proceedings	37

Item 1A	Risk Factors	37

Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37

Item 5	Other Information	37

Item 6	Exhibits	38

Signatures		S-1

Exhibit Index		E-1

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q is for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you directly to those documents. In this quarterly report, “Charter,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Charter Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), regarding, among other things, our plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial including, without limitation, the forward-looking statements set forth in the “Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections under Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this quarterly report. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations as reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions including, without limitation, the factors described under “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Form 10-K filed with the SEC. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report may be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “planned,” “will,” “may,” “intend,” “estimated,” “aim,” “on track,” “target,” “opportunity,” “tentative,” “positioning,” “designed,” “create,” “predict,” “project,” “initiatives,” “seek,” “would,” “could,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “upside,” “increases,” “focused on” and “potential,” among others. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this quarterly report are set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, in our annual report on Form 10-K, and in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the SEC, and include, but are not limited to:

•our ability to sustain and grow revenues and cash flow from operations by offering Internet, video, voice, mobile, advertising and other services to residential and commercial customers, to adequately meet the customer experience demands in our service areas and to maintain and grow our customer base, particularly in the face of increasingly aggressive competition, the need for innovation and the related capital expenditures;

•the impact of competition from other market participants, including but not limited to incumbent telephone companies, direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") operators, wireless broadband and telephone providers, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) providers, fiber to the home providers and providers of video content over broadband Internet connections;

•general business conditions, unemployment levels and the level of activity in the housing sector and economic uncertainty or downturn, including the impacts of the Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic to our customers, our vendors and local, state and federal governmental responses to the pandemic;

•our ability to obtain programming at reasonable prices or to raise prices to offset, in whole or in part, the effects of higher programming costs (including retransmission consents and distribution requirements);

•our ability to develop and deploy new products and technologies including mobile products and any other consumer services and service platforms;

•any events that disrupt our networks, information systems or properties and impair our operating activities or our reputation;

•the effects of governmental regulation on our business including subsidies to consumers, subsidies and incentives for competitors, costs, disruptions and possible limitations on operating flexibility related to, and our ability to comply with, regulatory conditions applicable to us;

•the ability to hire and retain key personnel;

•our ability to procure necessary services and equipment from our vendors at reasonable costs;

•the availability and access, in general, of funds to meet our debt obligations prior to or when they become due and to fund our operations and necessary capital expenditures, either through (i) cash on hand, (ii) free cash flow, or (iii) access to the capital or credit markets; and

•our ability to comply with all covenants in our indentures and credit facilities, any violation of which, if not cured in a timely manner, could trigger a default of our other obligations under cross-default provisions.

All forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We are under no duty or obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this quarterly report.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(dollars in millions, except share data)


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,711	$	1,001
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $193 and $217, respectively	2,583		2,539
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	388		369
Total current assets	4,682		3,909

INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES:
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,520 and $31,639, respectively	34,206		34,357
Customer relationships, net	4,787		5,615
Franchises	67,322		67,322
Goodwill	29,554		29,554
Total investment in cable properties, net	135,869		136,848

OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS	3,475		3,449

Total assets	$	144,026	$	144,206
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	9,036	$	8,867
Current portion of long-term debt	1,002		1,008
Total current liabilities	10,038		9,875

LONG-TERM DEBT	86,962		81,744
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES	18,678		18,108
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES	4,262		4,198

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Class A common stock; $0.001 par value; 900 million shares authorized;
195,489,213 and 193,730,992 shares issued, respectively	—		—
Class B common stock; $0.001 par value; 1,000 shares authorized;
1 share issued and outstanding	—		—
Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 250 million shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	29,878		29,000
Retained earnings	(3,368)		(5,195)
Treasury stock at cost; 11,667,008 and no shares, respectively	(7,168)		—
Total Charter shareholders’ equity	19,342		23,805
Noncontrolling interests	4,744		6,476
Total shareholders’ equity	24,086		30,281

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	144,026	$	144,206

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(dollars in millions, except per share data)

Unaudited


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
REVENUES	$	12,802	$	11,696	$	25,324	$	23,434

COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)	7,882		7,297		15,593		14,729
Depreciation and amortization	2,354		2,428		4,795		4,925
Other operating (income) expenses, net	(9)		2		293		9
	10,227		9,727		20,681		19,663
Income from operations	2,575		1,969		4,643		3,771

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
Interest expense, net	(1,004)		(957)		(1,987)		(1,937)
Other income (expenses), net	(132)		30		(80)		(296)
	(1,136)		(927)		(2,067)		(2,233)

Income before income taxes	1,439		1,042		2,576		1,538
Income tax expense	(281)		(166)		(497)		(195)
Consolidated net income	1,158		876		2,079		1,343
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(138)		(110)		(252)		(181)
Net income attributable to Charter shareholders	$	1,020	$	766	$	1,827	$	1,162

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHARTER SHAREHOLDERS:
Basic	$	5.48	$	3.72	$	9.69	$	5.62
Diluted	$	5.29	$	3.63	$	9.37	$	5.48

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	185,916,505		205,777,438		188,645,356		206,804,371
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	199,077,390		210,906,946		202,458,265		212,158,218

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(dollars in millions)

Unaudited


	Class A Common Stock		Class B Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total Charter Shareholders’ Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Shareholders’ Equity
BALANCE, December 31, 2020	$	—	$	—	$	29,000	$	(5,195)	$	—	$	23,805	$	6,476	$	30,281
Consolidated net income	—		—		—		807		—		807		114		921
Stock compensation expense	—		—		134		—		—		134		—		134
Exercise of stock options	—		—		9		—		—		9		—		9
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		(3,652)		(3,652)		—		(3,652)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest, net of tax	—		—		(237)		—		—		(237)		(192)		(429)
Change in noncontrolling interest ownership, net of tax	—		—		131		—		—		131		(175)		(44)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(39)		(39)
BALANCE, March 31, 2021	—		—		29,037		(4,388)		(3,652)		20,997		6,184		27,181
Consolidated net income	—		—		—		1,020		—		1,020		138		1,158
Stock compensation expense	—		—		100		—		—		100		—		100
Exercise of stock options	—		—		17		—		—		17		—		17
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		(3,516)		(3,516)		—		(3,516)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest, net of tax	—		—		(279)		—		—		(279)		(213)		(492)
Preferred unit conversion and change in noncontrolling interest ownership, net of tax	—		—		1,003		—		—		1,003		(1,333)		(330)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(32)		(32)
BALANCE, June 30, 2021	$	—	$	—	$	29,878	$	(3,368)	$	(7,168)	$	19,342	$	4,744	$	24,086


	Class A Common Stock		Class B Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total Charter Shareholders’ Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Shareholders’ Equity
BALANCE, December 31, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	31,405	$	40	$	—	$	31,445	$	7,366	$	38,811
Consolidated net income	—		—		—		396		—		396		71		467
Stock compensation expense	—		—		90		—		—		90		—		90
Exercise of stock options	—		—		93		—		—		93		—		93
Issuance of equity	—		—		23		—		—		23		—		23
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		(2,352)		(2,352)		—		(2,352)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest, net of tax	—		—		(149)		—		—		(149)		(195)		(344)
Change in noncontrolling interest ownership, net of tax	—		—		82		—		—		82		(109)		(27)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(39)		(39)
BALANCE, March 31, 2020	—		—		31,544		436		(2,352)		29,628		7,094		36,722
Consolidated net income	—		—		—		766		—		766		110		876
Stock compensation expense	—		—		90		—		—		90		—		90
Exercise of stock options	—		—		28		—		—		28		—		28
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		(1,155)		(1,155)		—		(1,155)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest, net of tax	—		—		(42)		—		—		(42)		(69)		(111)
Change in noncontrolling interest ownership, net of tax	—		—		41		—		—		41		(52)		(11)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(38)		(38)
BALANCE, June 30, 2020	$	—	$	—	$	31,661	$	1,202	$	(3,507)	$	29,356	$	7,045	$	36,401

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in millions)

Unaudited


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net income	$	2,079	$	1,343
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,795		4,925
Stock compensation expense	234		180
Noncash interest income, net	(15)		(21)
Deferred income taxes	371		101
Other, net	124		279
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts receivable	(44)		170
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(113)		(101)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other	319		(127)
Net cash flows from operating activities	7,750		6,749

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(3,702)		(3,338)
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures	(125)		(174)
Real estate investments through variable interest entities	(123)		(81)
Other, net	(22)		(8)
Net cash flows from investing activities	(3,972)		(3,601)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings of long-term debt	10,958		7,322
Repayments of long-term debt	(5,759)		(7,892)
Payments for debt issuance costs	(58)		(62)
Issuance of equity	—		23
Purchase of treasury stock	(7,168)		(3,507)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	26		121
Purchase of noncontrolling interest	(1,090)		(518)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(71)		(77)
Borrowings for real estate investments through variable interest entities	123		20
Other, net	(29)		(25)
Net cash flows from financing activities	(3,068)		(4,595)

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	710		(1,447)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period	1,001		3,549
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	1,711	$	2,102

CASH PAID FOR INTEREST	$	1,996	$	1,985
CASH PAID FOR TAXES	$	69	$	50

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

Charter Communications, Inc. (together with its controlled subsidiaries, “Charter,” or the “Company”) is a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator. Over an advanced high-capacity, two-way telecommunications network, the Company offers a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet, TV, Mobile and Voice. For small and medium-sized companies, Spectrum Business® delivers the same suite of broadband products and services coupled with special features and applications to enhance productivity, while for larger businesses and government entities, Spectrum Enterprise provides highly customized, fiber-based solutions. Spectrum Reach® delivers tailored advertising and production for the modern media landscape. The Company also distributes award-winning news coverage, sports and high-quality original programming to its customers through Spectrum Networks and Spectrum Originals.

Charter is a holding company whose principal asset is a controlling equity interest in Charter Communications Holdings, LLC (“Charter Holdings”), an indirect owner of Charter Communications Operating, LLC (“Charter Operating”) under which substantially all of the operations reside. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities have been eliminated.

The Company’s operations are managed and reported to its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the Company’s chief operating decision maker, on a consolidated basis. The CEO assesses performance and allocates resources based on the consolidated results of operations. Under this organizational and reporting structure, the Company has one reportable segment.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures typically included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K have been condensed or omitted for this quarterly report. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited and are subject to review by regulatory authorities. However, in the opinion of management, such financial statements include all adjustments, which consist of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Areas involving significant judgments and estimates include capitalization of labor and overhead costs, impairments of franchises and goodwill, pension benefits and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 2021 presentation.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

2. Franchises, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets consist of the following as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Franchises	$	67,322	$	—	$	67,322	$	67,322	$	—	$	67,322
Goodwill	29,554		—		29,554		29,554		—		29,554
Wireless spectrum licenses	464		—		464		464		—		464
Trademarks	159		—		159		159		—		159
	$	97,499	$	—	$	97,499	$	97,499	$	—	$	97,499

Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	18,232	$	(13,445)	$	4,787	$	18,230	$	(12,615)	$	5,615
Other intangible assets	420		(178)		242		420		(159)		261
	$	18,652	$	(13,623)	$	5,029	$	18,650	$	(12,774)	$	5,876

Amortization expense related to customer relationships and other intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was $410 million and $850 million, respectively, and $478 million and $986 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

The Company expects amortization expense on its finite-lived intangible assets will be as follows:


Six months ended December 31, 2021	$	753
2022	1,332
2023	1,075
2024	824
2025	576
Thereafter	469
	$	5,029

Actual amortization expense in future periods could differ from these estimates as a result of new intangible asset acquisitions or divestitures, changes in useful lives, impairments, adoption of new accounting standards and other relevant factors.

3. Investments

Real Estate Investments through Variable Interest Entities

In July 2018, the Company entered into a build-to-suit lease arrangement with a single-asset special purpose entity ("SPE Building 1") to build the first building in the building complex for the new Charter headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut. The SPE Building 1 obtained a first-lien mortgage note to finance the construction with fixed monthly payments through July 15, 2035 with a 5.612% coupon interest rate. All payments of the mortgage note are guaranteed by Charter. The initial term of the lease is 15 years commencing August 1, 2020, with no termination options. At the end of the lease term there is a mirrored put option for the SPE to sell the property to Charter and call option for Charter to purchase the property for a fixed purchase price.

In April 2020, the Company entered into a build-to-suit lease agreement with a second special purpose entity (“SPE Building 2”) to build the adjoining building and atrium, in the building complex for the new Charter headquarters. As of June 30, 2021, Charter does not guarantee the financing for SPE Building 2. The initial term of the lease is 15 years commencing February 26, 2022, with no termination options. At the end of the lease term, there is a put option for the SPE Building 2 to sell the property

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

to Charter for a fixed price. If SPE Building 2 does not exercise the put option and the Company exercises its first renewal term, there is a call option for Charter to purchase the property for a fixed purchase price in year 3 of the first renewal term.

As the Company has determined that SPE Building 1 and SPE Building 2 (collectively, the "SPEs") are variable interest entities ("VIEs") of which the Company became the primary beneficiary upon the effectiveness of the arrangements in July 2018 and April 2020, respectively, the Company has consolidated the assets and liabilities of the SPEs in its consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 as follows.


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Current assets	$	5	$	3
Property, plant and equipment	$	633	$	490
Liabilities
Current liabilities	$	48	$	28
Other long-term liabilities	$	597	$	470

Property, plant and equipment includes land, a parking garage and building construction costs, including the capitalization of qualifying interest. Other long-term liabilities includes mortgage note liabilities and liability-classified noncontrolling interests for the SPEs recorded at amortized cost with accretion towards settlement of the put/call option in the leases. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, other long-term liabilities include $515 million and $400 million in SPE mortgage note liability, respectively.

Equity-Method Investments

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded impairments on equity investments of approximately $165 million which was recorded in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

4. Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Accounts payable – trade	$	704	$	763
Deferred revenue	501		436
Accrued liabilities:
Programming costs	2,123		1,940
Labor	1,166		1,374
Capital expenditures	1,059		1,227
Interest	1,090		1,083
Taxes and regulatory fees	614		555
Property and casualty	486		462
Operating lease liabilities	258		235
Other	1,035		792
	$	9,036	$	8,867

5. Leases

Operating lease expenses were $115 million and $230 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $108 million and $216 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, inclusive of $35 million and $70 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $32 million and $67 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, of both short-term lease costs and variable lease costs that were not included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities, recorded as operating cash flows in the statements of cash flows, were $162 million and $147 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations were $209 million and $164 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows.


	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Operating lease right-of-use assets:
Included within other noncurrent assets	$	1,288		$	1,214

Operating lease liabilities:
Current portion included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	258		$	235
Long-term portion included within other long-term liabilities	1,166			1,110
	$	1,424		$	1,345

Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases	6.0 years			6.4 years
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	3.6		%	3.9		%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2021 are as follows.


Six months ended December 31, 2021	$	165
2022	320
2023	299
2024	250
2025	199
Thereafter	421
Undiscounted lease cash flow commitments	1,654
Reconciling impact from discounting	(230)
Lease liabilities on consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2021	$	1,424

The Company has $64 million and $63 million of finance lease liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. The related finance lease right-of-use assets are recorded in property, plant and equipment, net. The Company’s finance leases were not considered material for further supplemental lease disclosures.

6. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Principal Amount		Accreted Value		Principal Amount		Accreted Value
CCO Holdings, LLC:
4.000% senior notes due March 1, 2023	$	500	$	498	$	500	$	498
5.750% senior notes due February 15, 2026	1,250		1,239		2,500		2,475
5.500% senior notes due May 1, 2026	1,500		1,493		1,500		1,492
5.875% senior notes due May 1, 2027	—		—		800		796
5.125% senior notes due May 1, 2027	3,250		3,227		3,250		3,225

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)


5.000% senior notes due February 1, 2028	2,500	2,474	2,500	2,472
5.375% senior notes due June 1, 2029	1,500	1,501	1,500	1,501
4.750% senior notes due March 1, 2030	3,050	3,042	3,050	3,042
4.500% senior notes due August 15, 2030	2,750	2,750	2,750	2,750
4.250% senior notes due February 1, 2031	3,000	3,002	3,000	3,001
4.500% senior notes due May 1, 2032	2,900	2,927	2,900	2,928
4.500% senior notes due June 1, 2033	1,750	1,728	—	—
Charter Communications Operating, LLC:
4.464% senior notes due July 23, 2022	3,000	2,994	3,000	2,992
Senior floating rate notes due February 1, 2024	900	901	900	902
4.500% senior notes due February 1, 2024	1,100	1,095	1,100	1,094
4.908% senior notes due July 23, 2025	4,500	4,478	4,500	4,475
3.750% senior notes due February 15, 2028	1,000	989	1,000	989
4.200% senior notes due March 15, 2028	1,250	1,242	1,250	1,241
5.050% senior notes due March 30, 2029	1,250	1,242	1,250	1,242
2.800% senior notes due April 1, 2031	1,600	1,584	1,600	1,583
2.300% senior notes due February 1, 2032	1,000	991	1,000	991
6.384% senior notes due October 23, 2035	2,000	1,984	2,000	1,983
5.375% senior notes due April 1, 2038	800	787	800	786
3.500% senior notes due June 1, 2041	1,500	1,482	—	—
6.484% senior notes due October 23, 2045	3,500	3,468	3,500	3,468
5.375% senior notes due May 1, 2047	2,500	2,506	2,500	2,506
5.750% senior notes due April 1, 2048	2,450	2,392	2,450	2,392
5.125% senior notes due July 1, 2049	1,250	1,240	1,250	1,240
4.800% senior notes due March 1, 2050	2,800	2,797	2,800	2,797
3.700% senior notes due April 1, 2051	2,050	2,031	2,050	2,030
3.900% senior notes due June 1, 2052	2,400	2,321	—	—
6.834% senior notes due October 23, 2055	500	495	500	495
3.850% senior notes due April 1, 2061	1,850	1,809	1,350	1,339
4.400% senior notes due December 1, 2061	1,400	1,389	—	—
Credit facilities	10,012	9,949	10,150	10,081
Time Warner Cable, LLC:
4.000% senior notes due September 1, 2021	1,000	1,002	1,000	1,008
5.750% sterling senior notes due June 2, 2031 (a)	865	919	854	911
6.550% senior debentures due May 1, 2037	1,500	1,665	1,500	1,668
7.300% senior debentures due July 1, 2038	1,500	1,759	1,500	1,763
6.750% senior debentures due June 15, 2039	1,500	1,703	1,500	1,706
5.875% senior debentures due November 15, 2040	1,200	1,253	1,200	1,254
5.500% senior debentures due September 1, 2041	1,250	1,258	1,250	1,258
5.250% sterling senior notes due July 15, 2042 (b)	899	869	889	859
4.500% senior debentures due September 15, 2042	1,250	1,146	1,250	1,145
Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC:
8.375% senior debentures due March 15, 2023	1,000	1,081	1,000	1,104
8.375% senior debentures due July 15, 2033	1,000	1,262	1,000	1,270
Total debt	87,526	87,964	82,143	82,752
Less current portion:

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)


4.000% senior notes due September 1, 2021	(1,000)		(1,002)		(1,000)		(1,008)
Long-term debt	$	86,526	$	86,962	$	81,143	$	81,744

(a)Principal amount includes £625 million remeasured at $865 million and $854 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, using the exchange rate at the respective dates.

(b)Principal amount includes £650 million remeasured at $899 million and $889 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, using the exchange rate at the respective dates.

The accreted values presented in the table above represent the principal amount of the debt adjusted for original issue discount or premium at the time of sale, deferred financing costs, and, in regards to debt assumed in acquisitions, fair value premium adjustments as a result of applying acquisition accounting plus the accretion of those amounts to the balance sheet date. However, the amount that is currently payable if the debt becomes immediately due is equal to the principal amount of the debt. In regards to the fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated notes (the “Sterling Notes”), the principal amount of the debt and any premium or discount is remeasured into US dollars as of each balance sheet date. See Note 9. The Company has availability under the Charter Operating credit facilities of approximately $4.7 billion as of June 30, 2021.

In March 2021, Charter Operating and Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.500% senior secured notes due June 2041 at a price of 99.544% of the aggregate principal amount, $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.900% senior secured notes due June 2052 at a price of 99.951% of the aggregate principal amount and an additional $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.850% senior secured notes due April 2061 at a price of 94.668% of the aggregate principal amount. The net proceeds were used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes, including funding buybacks of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Holdings common units as well as repaying certain indebtedness, including $750 million of CCO Holdings, LLC's ("CCO Holdings") 5.750% notes due February 2026.

In June 2021, Charter Operating and Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. issued an additional $1.4 billion of 3.900% senior secured notes due June 2052 priced at 95.578% of the aggregate principal amount and $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.400% senior secured notes due December 2061 at a price of 99.906% of the aggregate principal amount. Net proceeds were used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes, including funding buybacks of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Holdings common units as well as repaying certain indebtedness, including $500 million of CCO Holdings' 5.750% notes due February 2026, all of CCO Holdings' 5.875% notes due May 2027, and in July 2021, $1.0 billion of Time Warner Cable, LLC's 4.000% notes due September 2021.

The Charter Operating notes are guaranteed by CCO Holdings and substantially all of the subsidiaries of Charter Operating. In addition, the Charter Operating notes are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of Charter Operating and substantially all of its subsidiaries to the extent such liens can be perfected under the Uniform Commercial Code by the filing of a financing statement and the liens rank equally with the liens on the collateral securing obligations under the Charter Operating credit facilities. Charter Operating may redeem some or all of the Charter Operating notes at any time at a premium.

The Charter Operating notes are subject to the terms and conditions of the indenture governing the Charter Operating notes. The Charter Operating notes contain customary representations and warranties and affirmative covenants with limited negative covenants. The Charter Operating indenture also contains customary events of default.

In April 2021, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. jointly issued $1.0 billion of 4.500% senior unsecured notes due June 2033 at par, and in June 2021, an additional $750 million of the same series of notes was issued at a price of 99.250% of the aggregate principal amount. The net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including to fund potential buybacks of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Holdings common units, to repay certain indebtedness and to pay related fees and expenses.

The CCO Holdings notes are senior debt obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and rank equally with all other current and future unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. They are structurally subordinated to all obligations of subsidiaries of CCO Holdings.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

CCO Holdings may redeem some or all of the notes at any time at a premium. Beginning in 2030, the optional redemption price declines to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

In addition, at any time prior to 2024, CCO Holdings may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes at a premium plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings (as defined in the indenture); provided that certain conditions are met. In the event of specified change of control events, CCO Holdings must offer to purchase the outstanding notes from the holders at a purchase price equal to 101% of the total principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.

Losses on extinguishment of debt are recorded in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations and consisted of the following.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
CCO Holdings notes redemption	$	(46)	$	(36)	$	(75)	$	(63)

7. Common Stock

The following represents the Company's purchase of Charter Class A common stock and the effect on the consolidated statements of cash flows during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
	Shares	$		Shares	$		Shares	$		Shares	$
Share buybacks	5,147,257	$	3,392	2,028,234	$	1,026	10,703,575	$	6,866	6,480,783	$	3,202
Income tax withholding	183,357	124		247,651	129		467,920	302		583,305	305
Exercise cost	185,698			188,923			495,513			430,675
	5,516,312	$	3,516	2,464,808	$	1,155	11,667,008	$	7,168	7,494,763	$	3,507

Share buybacks above include shares of Charter Class A common stock purchased from Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband”) pursuant to the LBB Letter Agreement as follows (see Note 19).


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021		Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Number of shares purchased	1,927,032		2,761,608
Amount of shares purchased	$	1,244	$	1,762

In July 2021, the Company purchased from Liberty Broadband an additional 0.4 million shares of Charter Class A common stock for approximately $279 million.

As of June 30, 2021, Charter had remaining board authority to purchase an additional $1.7 billion of Charter’s Class A common stock and/or Charter Holdings common units, excluding purchases from Liberty Broadband. The Company also withholds shares of its Class A common stock in payment of income tax withholding owed by employees upon vesting of equity awards as well as exercise costs owed by employees upon exercise of stock options.

In 2020, Charter’s board of directors approved the retirement of the then currently held treasury stock and those shares were retired as of December 31, 2020. The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method and includes treasury stock as a component of total shareholders’ equity.

In March 2020, pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement with Liberty Broadband, Advance/Newhouse Partnership (“A/N”) and Charter, dated May 23, 2015 (the "Stockholders Agreement"), Charter, Liberty and A/N

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

closed on transactions in which Liberty Broadband and A/N exercised their preemptive right to purchase 35,112 and 20,182 shares, respectively, of Charter Class A common stock for a total purchase price of approximately $23 million.

8. Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represents consolidated subsidiaries of which the Company owns less than 100%. The Company is a holding company whose principal asset is a controlling equity interest in Charter Holdings, the indirect owner of the Company’s cable systems. Noncontrolling interests on the Company’s balance sheet consist primarily of A/N's equity interests in Charter Holdings, which is comprised of a common ownership interest and prior to June 18, 2021, a convertible preferred ownership interest.

On June 18, 2021, the Company caused the conversion of all of A/N's 25 million Charter Holdings convertible preferred units into Charter Holdings common units. Each preferred unit was converted into 0.37334 Charter Holdings common units, representing a conversion price of $267.85 per unit, based on a conversion feature as defined in the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Charter Holdings, resulting in the issuance of a total of 9.3 million common units to A/N.

Net income of Charter Holdings attributable to A/N’s common noncontrolling interest for financial reporting purposes is based on the weighted average effective common ownership interest of approximately 7% prior to conversion of the preferred units and 11% after conversion during 2021 and 8% during 2020, and was $105 million and $181 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $72 million and $105 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Net income of Charter Holdings attributable to A/N's preferred noncontrolling interest for financial reporting purposes is based on the preferred dividend which was $32 million and $70 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $37 million and $75 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

The following table represents Charter Holdings' purchase of Charter Holdings common units from A/N pursuant to the A/N Letter Agreement (see Note 19) and the effect on total shareholders' equity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Number of units purchased	912,034		280,069		1,704,688		1,075,676
Average price per unit	$	639.28	$	445.15	$	639.28	$	481.68
Amount of units purchased	$	583	$	125	$	1,090	$	518
Decrease in noncontrolling interest based on carrying value	$	(213)	$	(69)	$	(405)	$	(264)
Decrease in additional paid-in-capital, net of tax	$	(279)	$	(42)	$	(516)	$	(191)

Total shareholders' equity was also adjusted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 due to the changes in Charter Holdings' ownership including the impact of the preferred unit conversion discussed above as follows.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Decrease in noncontrolling interest	$	(1,333)	$	(52)	$	(1,508)	$	(161)
Increase in additional paid-in-capital, net of tax	$	1,003	$	41	$	1,134	$	123

As a result of the preferred unit conversion, the preferred noncontrolling interest carrying amount of $3.2 billion was reclassified to common noncontrolling interest and remeasured to $2.0 billion representing the relative effective Charter Holdings common ownership amount in all Charter Holdings partnership capital account balances resulting in a $1.2 billion reclass from noncontrolling interest to additional paid-in capital. A deferred tax liability of $300 million was recorded with the offset to additional paid-in capital as part of the Charter Holdings ownership change equity adjustments.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

9. Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage foreign exchange risk on the Sterling Notes, and does not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes.

Cross-currency derivative instruments are used to effectively convert £1.275 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated debt, including annual interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to fixed-rate U.S. dollar denominated debt. The cross-currency swaps have maturities of June 2031 and July 2042. The Company is required to post collateral on the cross-currency derivative instruments when the derivative contracts are in a liability position. In April 2019, the Company entered into a collateral holiday agreement for 60% of both the 2031 and 2042 cross-currency swaps, which eliminates the requirement to post collateral for three years, as well as a ten year collateral cap on the remaining 40% of the cross-currency swaps which limits the required collateral posting on that 40% of the cross-currency swaps to $150 million. In March 2021, the collateral holiday for 20% of the swaps was extended to November 2022 in consideration for the Company's agreement to post collateral over a threshold amount on that 20% portion of the swaps from March 2021 through October 2021. The fair value of the Company's cross-currency derivatives was $206 million and $184 million and is included in other long-term liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company’s derivative instruments are not designated as hedges and are marked to fair value each period, with the impact recorded as a gain or loss on financial instruments in the consolidated statements of operations in other income (expenses), net. While these derivative instruments are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, management continues to believe such instruments are closely correlated with the respective debt, thus managing associated risk.

The effect of financial instruments are recorded in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations and consisted of the following.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Change in fair value of cross-currency derivative instruments	$	(85)	$	61	$	(22)	$	(365)
Foreign currency remeasurement of Sterling Notes to U.S. dollars	(6)		3		(21)		111
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net	$	(91)	$	64	$	(43)	$	(254)

10. Fair Value Measurements

Accounting guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements, based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date, as follows:

•Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

•Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company has estimated the fair value of its financial instruments as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment, however, is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accounts receivable, net on the consolidated balance sheets includes approximately $363 million and $338 million of current equipment installment plan receivables, respectively, and other noncurrent assets includes approximately $173 million and $134 million of noncurrent equipment installment plan receivables, respectively.

Financial instruments accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy include the Company's cross-currency derivative instruments which are recorded in other-long term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and were valued at $206 million and $184 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s senior notes and debentures as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is based on quoted market prices in active markets and is classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy, while the estimated fair value of the Company’s credit facilities is based on quoted market prices in inactive markets and is classified within Level 2. The carrying amount of the consolidated variable interest entity's mortgage note liability approximates fair value.

A summary of the carrying value and fair value of debt as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is as follows:


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Senior notes and debentures	$	78,015	$	87,958	$	72,671	$	84,163
Credit facilities	$	9,949	$	9,963	$	10,081	$	10,063

Nonfinancial Assets and Liabilities

The Company’s nonfinancial assets such as equity-method investments, franchises, property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence that an impairment may exist. When such impairments are recorded, fair values are generally classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

11. Revenues

The Company’s revenues by product line are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Internet	$	5,221	$	4,530	$	10,307	$	8,937
Video	4,378		4,371		8,722		8,793
Voice	394		451		793		908
Residential revenue	9,993		9,352		19,822		18,638

Small and medium business	1,042		983		2,054		1,979
Enterprise	636		606		1,274		1,228
Commercial revenue	1,678		1,589		3,328		3,207

Advertising sales	411		249		755		614
Mobile	519		310		1,011		568
Other	201		196		408		407
	$	12,802	$	11,696	$	25,324	$	23,434

12. Operating Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses, exclusive of items shown separately in the consolidated statements of operations, consist of the following for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Programming	$	2,978	$	2,873	$	5,966	$	5,765
Regulatory, connectivity and produced content	668		488		1,268		1,039
Costs to service customers	1,827		1,848		3,631		3,696
Marketing	741		719		1,492		1,485
Mobile	586		413		1,158		787
Other	1,082		956		2,078		1,957
	$	7,882	$	7,297	$	15,593	$	14,729

Programming costs consist primarily of costs paid to programmers for basic, premium, digital, video on demand and pay-per-view programming. Regulatory, connectivity and produced content costs represent payments to franchise and regulatory authorities, costs directly related to providing video, Internet and voice services as well as payments for sports, local and news content produced by the Company. Included in regulatory, connectivity and produced content costs is content acquisition costs for the Los Angeles Lakers’ basketball games and Los Angeles Dodgers’ baseball games, which are recorded as games are exhibited over the contract period. Costs to service customers include costs related to field operations, network operations and customer care for the Company’s residential and SMB customers, including internal and third-party labor for the non-capitalizable portion of installations, service and repairs, maintenance, bad debt expense, billing and collection, occupancy and vehicle costs. Marketing costs represent the costs of marketing to current and potential commercial and residential customers including labor costs. Mobile costs represent costs associated with the Company's mobile service such as device and service costs, marketing, sales and commissions, retail stores, personnel costs, taxes, among others. Other includes corporate overhead, advertising sales expenses, indirect costs associated with the Company’s enterprise business customers and regional sports and news networks, property tax and insurance expense and stock compensation expense, among others.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

13. Other Operating (Income) Expenses, Net

Other operating (income) expenses, net consist of the following for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Special charges, net	$	(6)	$	6	$	249	$	22
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets, net	(3)		(4)		44		(13)
	$	(9)	$	2	$	293	$	9

Special charges, net

Special charges, net primarily includes net amounts of litigation settlements, including the $220 million tentative settlement with Sprint Communications Company L.P. (“Sprint”) and T-Mobile USA, Inc. ("T-Mobile") for the six months ended June 30, 2021 discussed in Note 20, and employee termination costs.

(Gain) loss on disposal of assets, net

(Gain) loss on disposal of assets, net represents the net (gain) loss recognized on the sales and disposals of fixed assets and cable systems.

14. Other Income (Expenses), Net

Other income (expenses), net consist of the following for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Loss on extinguishment of debt (see Note 6)	$	(46)	$	(36)	$	(75)	$	(63)
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net (see Note 9)	(91)		64		(43)		(254)
Other pension benefits, net (see Note 21)	173		11		191		21
Loss on equity investments, net (see Note 3)	(168)		(9)		(153)		—
	$	(132)	$	30	$	(80)	$	(296)

15. Stock Compensation Plans

Charter’s stock incentive plans provide for grants of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, performance units and performance shares, share awards, phantom stock, restricted stock units and restricted stock. Directors, officers and other employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as others performing consulting services for the Company, are eligible for grants under the stock incentive plans.

Charter granted the following equity awards for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Stock options	16,800	11,600	1,241,800	1,265,300
Restricted stock	4,600	6,000	4,600	6,000
Restricted stock units	9,100	7,600	354,200	415,900

Charter stock options and restricted stock units generally cliff vest three years from the date of grant. Stock options generally expire ten years from the grant date and restricted stock units have no voting rights. Restricted stock generally vests one year from the date of grant.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

As of June 30, 2021, total unrecognized compensation remaining to be recognized in future periods totaled $319 million for stock options, $2 million for restricted stock and $305 million for restricted stock units and the weighted average period over which they are expected to be recognized is two years for stock options, ten months for restricted stock and two years for restricted stock units.

The Company recorded stock compensation expense of $100 million and $234 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $90 million and $180 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, which is included in operating costs and expenses.

16. Income Taxes

Substantially all of the Company’s operations are held through Charter Holdings and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Charter Holdings and the majority of its subsidiaries are limited liability companies that are generally not subject to income tax. However, certain of these limited liability companies are subject to state income tax. In addition, the subsidiaries that are corporations are subject to income tax. Generally, the taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of Charter Holdings are passed through to its members, Charter and A/N. Charter is responsible for its share of taxable income or loss of Charter Holdings allocated to it in accordance with the Charter Holdings Limited Liability Company Agreement (“LLC Agreement”) and partnership tax rules and regulations. As a result, Charter's primary deferred tax component recorded in the consolidated balance sheets relates to its excess financial reporting outside basis, excluding amounts attributable to nondeductible goodwill, over Charter's tax basis in the investment in Charter Holdings.

The Company recorded income tax expense of $281 million and $497 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $166 million and $195 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Income tax expense increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020 primarily as a result of higher pretax income.

Charter Holdings, the indirect owner of the Company’s cable systems, generally allocates its taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits proportionately according to the members’ respective ownership interests, except for special allocations required under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations (“Section 704(c)”). Pursuant to Section 704(c) and the LLC Agreement, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the capital of the partnership shall, solely for tax purposes, be allocated among the members so as to take into account any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its initial gross asset value using the “traditional method” as described in the Treasury Regulations.

In determining the Company’s tax provision for financial reporting purposes, the Company establishes a reserve for uncertain tax positions unless such positions are determined to be “more likely than not” of being sustained upon examination, based on their technical merits. There is considerable judgment involved in making such a determination. The Company has recorded unrecognized tax benefits totaling approximately $333 million and $298 million, excluding interest and penalties, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company does not currently anticipate that its reserve for uncertain tax positions will significantly increase or decrease during 2021; however, various events could cause the Company’s current expectations to change in the future. These uncertain tax positions, if ever recognized in the financial statements, would be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as part of the income tax provision.

No tax years for Charter are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") for income tax purposes. Charter's 2016 through 2020 tax years remain open for examination and assessment. Charter’s short period return dated May 17, 2016 (prior to the merger with Time Warner Cable Inc. ("TWC") and acquisition of Bright House Networks, LLC ("Bright House")) and prior years remain open solely for purposes of examination of Charter’s loss and credit carryforwards. The IRS is currently examining Charter Holdings’ income tax return for 2016. Charter Holdings’ 2017 through 2020 tax years remain open for examination and assessment. The IRS is currently examining TWC’s income tax returns for 2011 through 2014. TWC’s tax year 2015 remains subject to examination and assessment. Prior to TWC’s separation from Time Warner Inc. (“Time Warner”) in March 2009, TWC was included in the consolidated U.S. federal and certain state income tax returns of Time Warner. The IRS has examined Time Warner’s 2008 through 2010 income tax returns and the results are under appeal. The Company does not anticipate that these examinations will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In addition, the Company is also subject to ongoing

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

examinations of the Company’s tax returns by state and local tax authorities for various periods. Activity related to these state and local examinations did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, nor does the Company anticipate a material impact in the future.

17. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Charter shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock and if-converted methods and is based on the weighted average number of shares used for the basic earnings per share calculation, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, equity awards with market conditions and Charter Holdings convertible preferred units and common units. Charter Holdings common units of 15 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and Charter Holdings common and convertible preferred units of 26 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been antidilutive. The following is the computation of diluted earnings per common share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Charter shareholders	$	1,020	$	766	$	1,827	$	1,162
Effect of dilutive securities:

Charter Holdings convertible preferred units	32		—		70		—
Net income attributable to Charter shareholders after assumed conversions	$	1,052	$	766	$	1,897	$	1,162

Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	185,916,505		205,777,438		188,645,356		206,804,371
Effect of dilutive securities:
Assumed exercise or issuance of shares relating to stock plans	5,058,176		5,129,508		5,098,205		5,353,847

Weighted average Charter Holdings convertible preferred units	8,102,709		—		8,714,704		—
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	199,077,390		210,906,946		202,458,265		212,158,218

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Charter shareholders	$	5.48	$	3.72	$	9.69	$	5.62
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Charter shareholders	$	5.29	$	3.63	$	9.37	$	5.48

18. Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income equaled net income attributable to Charter shareholders for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

19. Related Party Transactions

The following sets forth certain transactions in which the Company and the directors, executive officers, and affiliates of the Company are involved.

Liberty Broadband and A/N

Under the terms of the Stockholders Agreement, the number of Charter’s directors is fixed at 13, and includes its CEO. Two designees selected by A/N are members of the board of directors of Charter and three designees selected by Liberty Broadband

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

are members of the board of directors of Charter. The remaining eight directors are not affiliated with either A/N or Liberty Broadband. Each of A/N and Liberty Broadband is entitled to nominate at least one director to each of the committees of Charter’s board of directors, subject to applicable stock exchange listing rules and certain specified voting or equity ownership thresholds for each of A/N and Liberty Broadband, and provided that the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation and Benefit Committee each have at least a majority of directors independent from A/N, Liberty Broadband and Charter (referred to as the “unaffiliated directors”). Each of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation and Benefits Committee is currently comprised of three unaffiliated directors and one designee of each of A/N and Liberty Broadband. A/N and Liberty Broadband also have certain other committee designations and other governance rights. Mr. Thomas Rutledge, the Company’s CEO, is the chairman of the board of Charter.

In December 2016, Charter and A/N entered into a letter agreement, as amended in December 2017 (the “A/N Letter Agreement”), that requires A/N to sell to Charter or to Charter Holdings, on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units that represents a pro rata participation by A/N and its affiliates in any repurchases of shares of Charter Class A common stock from persons other than A/N effected by Charter during the immediately preceding calendar month, at a purchase price equal to the average price paid by Charter for the shares repurchased from persons other than A/N during such immediately preceding calendar month. A/N and Charter both have the right to terminate or suspend the pro rata repurchase arrangement on a prospective basis.

In February 2021, Charter and Liberty Broadband entered into a letter agreement (the “LBB Letter Agreement”). The LBB Letter Agreement implements Liberty Broadband’s obligations under the Stockholders Agreement to participate in share repurchases by Charter. Under the LBB Letter Agreement, Liberty Broadband will sell to Charter, generally on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock representing an amount sufficient for Liberty Broadband’s ownership of Charter to be reduced such that it does not exceed the ownership cap then applicable to Liberty Broadband under the Stockholders Agreement at a purchase price per share equal to the volume weighted average price per share paid by Charter for shares repurchased during such immediately preceding calendar month other than (i) purchases from A/N, (ii) purchases in privately negotiated transactions or (iii) purchases for the withholding of shares of Charter Class A common stock pursuant to equity compensation programs of Charter.

Gregory Maffei, a director of Charter and President and CEO and director and holder of 12.6% voting interest in Liberty Broadband, is Chairman of the board of directors of Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate") and Dr. John Malone, a director emeritus of Charter and Chairman of the board of directors and holder of 45.8% of voting interest in Liberty Broadband, also serves on the Qurate board of directors. As reported in SEC filings of Qurate, Mr. Maffei and Dr. Malone, Mr. Maffei has ownership of an approximate 6.3% voting interest in Quarate and Dr. Malone has ownership of an approximate 41.2% voting interest in Qurate. Qurate wholly owns HSN, Inc. (“HSN”) and QVC, Inc. (“QVC”). The Company has programming relationships with HSN and QVC. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded revenue in aggregate of approximately $12 million and $23 million, respectively, from HSN and QVC as part of channel carriage fees and revenue sharing arrangements for home shopping sales made to customers in the Company’s footprint, and approximately $12 million and $24 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

Dr. Malone and Mr. Steven Miron, a member of Charter’s board of directors, also serve on the board of directors of Discovery, Inc. (“Discovery”). As reported in Discovery's SEC filings, Dr. Malone owns less than 1.0% of the series A common stock, 95.0% of the series B common stock and 3.7% of the series C common stock of Discovery and has a 26.5% voting interest in Discovery for the election of directors. As reported in Discovery's SEC filings, Advance/Newhouse Programming Partnership (“A/N PP”), an affiliate of A/N and in which Mr. Miron is the CEO, owns 100% of the Series A-1 preferred stock of Discovery and 100% of the Series C-1 preferred stock of Discovery and has a 23.2% voting interest for matters other than the election of directors. A/N PP also has the right to appoint three directors out of a total of twelve directors to Discovery’s board. The Company purchases programming from Discovery. Based on publicly available information, the Company does not believe that Discovery would currently be considered a related party. The amount paid in the aggregate to Discovery represents less than 2% of total operating costs and expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

Equity Investments

The Company has agreements with certain equity investees pursuant to which the Company has made or received related party transaction payments. The Company recorded payments to equity investees totaling $59 million and $117 million during the

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $54 million and $117 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

20. Contingencies

In August 2015, a purported stockholder of Charter, Matthew Sciabacucchi, filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, on behalf of a putative class of Charter stockholders, challenging the transactions involving Charter, TWC, A/N, and Liberty Broadband announced by Charter on May 26, 2015. The lawsuit, which named as defendants Charter and its board of directors, alleged that the transactions resulted from breaches of fiduciary duty by Charter’s directors and that Liberty Broadband improperly benefited from the challenged transactions at the expense of other Charter stockholders. Charter denies any liability, believes that it has substantial defenses, and is vigorously defending this lawsuit. Although Charter is unable to predict the outcome of this lawsuit, it does not expect the outcome will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition or cash flows.

The California Attorney General and the Alameda County, California District Attorney are investigating whether certain of Charter’s waste disposal policies, procedures and practices are in violation of the California Business and Professions Code and the California Health and Safety Code. That investigation was commenced in January 2014. A similar investigation involving TWC was initiated in February 2012. Charter is cooperating with these investigations. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these investigations, it does not expect that the outcome will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

Sprint filed a patent suit against Charter and Bright House on December 2, 2017 in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. This suit alleges infringement of 9 patents related to the Company's provision of Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) services. Sprint previously sued TWC with respect to eight of these patents and obtained a final judgment of $151 million inclusive of interest and costs, which the Company paid in November 2019. The Company has also brought a patent suit against Sprint (TC Tech, LLC v. Sprint) in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware implicating Sprint's LTE technology and a similar suit against T-Mobile in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.

Sprint filed a subsequent patent suit against Charter on May 17, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. This suit alleges infringement of two patents related to the Company's video on demand services. The court transferred this case to the United States District Court for the District of Delaware on December 20, 2018 pursuant to an agreement between the parties.

On February 18, 2020, Sprint filed a lawsuit against Charter, Bright House and TWC. Sprint alleges that Charter misappropriated trade secrets from Sprint years ago through employees hired by Bright House. Sprint asserts that the alleged trade secrets relate to the VoIP business of Charter, TWC and Bright House. The case is now pending in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas.

Charter, T-Mobile and Sprint have tentatively reached a settlement of all of the foregoing suits that would result in a payment of $220 million by Charter to T-Mobile. The Company can give no assurance that this tentative settlement will be finalized. Pending finalization of the settlement and in the event the settlement is not finalized, the Company will vigorously defend these Sprint suits and prosecute the suits it has brought against T-Mobile and Sprint. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, it does not expect that the litigation will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

In addition to the Sprint litigation described above, the Company is a defendant or co-defendant in several additional lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various intellectual property relating to various aspects of its businesses. Other industry participants are also defendants in certain of these cases or related cases. In the event that a court ultimately determines that the Company infringes on any intellectual property, the Company may be subject to substantial damages and/or an injunction that could require the Company or its vendors to modify certain products and services the Company offers to its subscribers, as well as negotiate royalty or license agreements with respect to the intellectual property at issue. While the Company believes the lawsuits are without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously, no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. The Company cannot predict the outcome of any such claims nor can it reasonably estimate a range of possible loss.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and where indicated)

The Company is party to other lawsuits, claims and regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of conducting its business. The ultimate outcome of these other legal matters pending against the Company cannot be predicted, and although such lawsuits and claims are not expected individually to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, such lawsuits could have, in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Whether or not the Company ultimately prevails in any particular lawsuit or claim, litigation can be time consuming and costly and injure the Company’s reputation.

21. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors qualified defined and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans that provide pension benefits to a majority of employees who were employed by TWC before the merger with TWC.

Pension benefits are based on formulas that reflect the employees’ years of service and compensation during their employment period. Actuarial gains or losses are changes in the amount of either the benefit obligation or the fair value of plan assets resulting from experience different from that assumed or from changes in assumptions. The Company has elected to follow a mark-to-market pension accounting policy for recording the actuarial gains or losses annually during the fourth quarter, or earlier if a remeasurement event occurs during an interim period. No future compensation increases or future service will be credited to participants of the pension plans given the frozen nature of the plans.

The components of net periodic pension benefit (costs) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are recorded in in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations and consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest cost	$	(24)	$	(28)	$	(48)	$	(56)
Expected return on plan assets	42		39		84		77
Remeasurement gain, net	155		—		155		—
Net periodic pension benefits	$	173	$	11	$	191	$	21

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, settlements for lump-sum distributions to pension plan participants exceeded the estimated annual interest cost of the plans. As a result, the pension liability and pension asset values were reassessed as of June 30, 2021 utilizing remeasurement date assumptions in accordance with the Company's mark-to-market pension accounting policy to record gains and losses in the period in which a remeasurement event occurs. The $155 million remeasurement gain recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was primarily driven by changes in the discount rate.

The Company made no cash contributions to the qualified pension plans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020; however, the Company may make discretionary cash contributions to the qualified pension plans in the future. Such contributions will be dependent on a variety of factors, including current and expected interest rates, asset performance, the funded status of the qualified pension plans and management’s judgment. For the nonqualified unfunded pension plan, the Company will continue to make contributions during 2021 to the extent benefits are paid.

22. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

ASU No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”)

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-06, which reduces the number of accounting models for convertible instruments, amends diluted earnings per share calculations for convertible instruments and allows more contracts to qualify for equity classification. ASU 2020-06 will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

General

Charter Communications, Inc. (together with its controlled subsidiaries, “Charter”) is a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator serving more than 31 million customers in 41 states through our Spectrum brand. Over an advanced high-capacity, two-way telecommunications network, we offer a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet, TV, Mobile and Voice. For small and medium-sized companies, Spectrum Business delivers the same suite of broadband products and services coupled with special features and applications to enhance productivity, while for larger businesses and government entities, Spectrum Enterprise provides highly customized, fiber-based solutions. Spectrum Reach delivers tailored advertising and production for the modern media landscape. We also distribute award-winning news coverage, sports and high-quality original programming to our customers through Spectrum Networks and Spectrum Originals.

Overview

In the first half of both 2021 and 2020, the Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has significantly impacted how our customers use our products and services, how they interact with us, and how our employees work and provide services to our customers. During the first half of 2021, customer activity levels remained below normal which contributed to lower operating expense from reduced service transactions and significantly lower bad debt, however, those trends are slowly returning to pre-COVID-19 levels and we expect that to continue throughout 2021 as the economy reopens and normal activities resume.

In May 2021, the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") introduced the Emergency Broadband Benefit ("EBB") program to help households pay for Internet service. The EBB program provides eligible low-income households with up to $50 per month toward Internet service. We estimate that the EBB program favorably impacted our net increase in customer relationships by approximately 60,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2021. Additional new and existing customers also enrolled in the EBB program.

Although the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be predicted, we remain focused on driving customer relationship growth by deploying superior products and services packaged with attractive pricing. Further, we expect to continue to drive customer relationship growth through sales of bundled services and improving customer retention despite the expectation for continued losses of video and wireline voice customers.

Our Spectrum Mobile service is offered to customers subscribing to our Internet service and runs on Verizon Communications Inc.'s ("Verizon") mobile network combined with Spectrum WiFi. We continue to explore ways to drive even more mobile traffic to our network. We intend to use Citizens Broadband Radio Service (“CBRS”) Priority Access Licenses (“PALs”) we purchased in 2020, along with unlicensed CBRS spectrum to build our own 5G mobile network which we plan to use in combination with our mobile virtual network operator (“MVNO”) reseller agreement with Verizon and WiFi network to enhance the customer’s experience and improve our cost structure.

We believe Spectrum-branded mobile services will drive higher sales of our core products, create longer customer lives and increase profitability and cash flow over time. As a result of growth costs associated with our new mobile product line, we cannot be certain that we will be able to grow revenues or maintain our margins at recent historical rates. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, our mobile product line increased revenues by $519 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, reduced Adjusted EBITDA by approximately $67 million and $147 million, respectively, and reduced free cash flow by approximately $277 million and $461 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, our mobile product line increased revenues by $310 million and $568 million, respectively, reduced Adjusted EBITDA by approximately $103 million and $219 million, respectively, and reduced free cash flow by approximately $233 million and $493 million, respectively. Primarily as a result of growth-related sales and marketing and other customer acquisition costs for mobile services, and depending on the pace of that growth, we expect mobile Adjusted EBITDA will continue to be negative. We also expect to continue to see negative free cash flow from the timing of device-related cash flows when we sell devices to customers pursuant to equipment installment plans and capital expenditures related to retail store and CBRS build-out.

We realized revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and income from operations during the periods presented as follows (in millions; all percentages are calculated using whole numbers. Minor differences may exist due to rounding):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		% Change		2021		2020		% Change
Revenues	$	12,802	$	11,696	9.5	%	$	25,324	$	23,434	8.1	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	5,020	$	4,489	11.8	%	$	9,965	$	8,885	12.2	%
Income from operations	$	2,575	$	1,969	30.7	%	$	4,643	$	3,771	23.1	%

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income attributable to Charter shareholders plus net income attributable to noncontrolling interest, net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock compensation expense, other (income) expenses, net and other operating (income) expenses, net, such as special charges and (gain) loss on sale or retirement of assets. See “—Use of Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow” for further information on Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow.

Growth in total revenue was primarily due to growth in our residential Internet and mobile customers, price adjustments and an increase in advertising sales. Adjusted EBITDA and income from operations growth was impacted by growth in revenue and increases in operating costs and expenses, primarily regulatory, connectivity and produced content costs as well as mobile and programming.

The following table summarizes our customer statistics for Internet, video, voice and mobile as of June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands except per customer data and footnotes).


	Approximate as of
	June 30,
	2021 (a)		2020 (a)
Customer Relationships (b)
Residential	29,660		28,496
Small and Medium Business ("SMB")	2,104		1,980
Total Customer Relationships	31,764		30,476

Monthly Residential Revenue per Residential Customer (c)	$	112.85	$	110.82
Monthly SMB Revenue per SMB Customer (d)	$	166.28	$	166.06

Internet
Residential	27,722		26,313
SMB	1,912		1,783
Total Internet Customers	29,634		28,096

Video
Residential	15,420		15,652
SMB	592		516
Total Video Customers	16,012		16,168

Voice
Residential	9,014		9,398
SMB	1,259		1,169
Total Voice Customers	10,273		10,567

Mobile Lines (e)
Residential	2,855		1,672
SMB	85		25
Total Mobile Lines	2,940		1,697

Enterprise Primary Service Units ("PSUs") (f)	280		270

(a)We calculate the aging of customer accounts based on the monthly billing cycle for each account. On that basis, as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, customers include approximately 201,100 and 124,500 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 60 days past due, approximately 37,700 and 18,400 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 90 days past due and approximately 30,900 and 10,400 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 120 days past due. Included in the June 30, 2021 aging statistics are approximately 73,500 residential customers that would have been disconnected under our normal collection policies, but were not due to certain state mandates in place.

(b)Customer relationships include the number of customers that receive one or more levels of service, encompassing Internet, video and voice services, without regard to which service(s) such customers receive. Customers who reside in residential multiple dwelling units (“MDUs”) and that are billed under bulk contracts are counted based on the number of billed units within each bulk MDU. Total customer relationships exclude enterprise and mobile-only customer relationships.

(c)Monthly residential revenue per residential customer is calculated as total residential quarterly revenue divided by three divided by average residential customer relationships during the respective quarter and excludes mobile revenue and customers.

(d)Monthly SMB revenue per SMB customer is calculated as total SMB quarterly revenue divided by three divided by average SMB customer relationships during the respective quarter and excludes mobile revenue and customers.

(e)Mobile lines include phones and tablets which require one of our standard rate plans (e.g., "Unlimited" or "By the Gig"). Mobile lines exclude wearables and other devices that do not require standard phone rate plans.

(f)Enterprise PSUs represent the aggregate number of fiber service offerings counting each separate service offering at each customer location as an individual PSU.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and the means by which we develop estimates therefore, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes from the critical accounting policies described in our Form 10-K.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented (dollars in millions, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues	$	12,802	$	11,696	$	25,324	$	23,434

Costs and Expenses:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)	7,882		7,297		15,593		14,729
Depreciation and amortization	2,354		2,428		4,795		4,925
Other operating (income) expenses, net	(9)		2		293		9
	10,227		9,727		20,681		19,663
Income from operations	2,575		1,969		4,643		3,771

Other Income (Expenses):
Interest expense, net	(1,004)		(957)		(1,987)		(1,937)
Other income (expenses), net	(132)		30		(80)		(296)
	(1,136)		(927)		(2,067)		(2,233)

Income before income taxes	1,439		1,042		2,576		1,538
Income tax expense	(281)		(166)		(497)		(195)
Consolidated net income	1,158		876		2,079		1,343
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(138)		(110)		(252)		(181)

Net income attributable to Charter shareholders	$	1,020	$	766	$	1,827	$	1,162

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHARTER SHAREHOLDERS:
Basic	$	5.48	$	3.72	$	9.69	$	5.62
Diluted	$	5.29	$	3.63	$	9.37	$	5.48

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	185,916,505		205,777,438		188,645,356		206,804,371
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	199,077,390		210,906,946		202,458,265		212,158,218

Revenues. Total revenues grew $1.1 billion and $1.9 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020 primarily due to increases in the number of residential Internet and mobile customers, price adjustments and an increase in advertising sales.

Revenues by service offering were as follows (dollars in millions; all percentages are calculated using whole numbers. Minor differences may exist due to rounding):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		% Change		2021		2020		% Change
Internet	$	5,221	$	4,530	15.2	%	$	10,307	$	8,937	15.3	%
Video	4,378		4,371		0.2	%	8,722		8,793		(0.8)	%
Voice	394		451		(12.7)	%	793		908		(12.7)	%
Residential revenue	9,993		9,352		6.8	%	19,822		18,638		6.3	%

Small and medium business	1,042		983		6.0	%	2,054		1,979		3.8	%
Enterprise	636		606		5.1	%	1,274		1,228		3.8	%
Commercial revenue	1,678		1,589		5.6	%	3,328		3,207		3.8	%

Advertising sales	411		249		65.1	%	755		614		23.0	%
Mobile	519		310		67.5	%	1,011		568		78.0	%
Other	201		196		2.8	%	408		407		0.3	%
	$	12,802	$	11,696	9.5	%	$	25,324	$	23,434	8.1	%

The increase in Internet revenues from our residential customers is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Increase related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes	$	404	$	728
Increase in average residential Internet customers	287		642
	$	691	$	1,370

The increase related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes was primarily due to price adjustments, promotional roll-off and higher bundled revenue allocation as well as $29 million of credits related to prior year's Keep Americans Connected ("KAC") Pledge which reduced revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Residential Internet customers grew by 1,409,000 customers from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021.

Video revenues consist primarily of revenues from basic and digital video services provided to our residential customers, as well as franchise fees, equipment service fees and video installation revenue. The change in video revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Decrease in average residential video customers	$	(39)	$	(40)
Decrease in video on demand and pay-per-view	(17)		(37)
Decrease in installation	(3)		(13)
Increase related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes	66		19
	$	7	$	(71)

Residential video customers decreased by 232,000 from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021. The increase related to rate, product mix and bundle allocation changes was primarily due to $44 million of credits related to prior year's KAC program which reduced revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 as well as price adjustments and promotional roll-off and was partly offset by a higher mix of lower cost video packages within our video customer base and lower bundled revenue allocation.

The decrease in voice revenues from our residential customers is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Decrease related to rate and bundle allocation changes	$	(43)	$	(90)
Decrease in average residential voice customers	(14)		(25)
	$	(57)	$	(115)

The decrease related to rate and bundle allocation changes was impacted by value-based pricing and changes in bundled revenue allocations. Residential wireline voice customers decreased by 384,000 customers from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021.

The increase in SMB revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Increase in SMB customers	$	57	$	106
Increase related to COVID-19 programs which reduced prior year revenue	17		13
Decrease related to rate and product mix changes	(15)		(44)
	$	59	$	75

SMB customers grew by 124,000 from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021. The decrease related to rate and product mix changes during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020 was primarily due to value-based pricing related to Spectrum pricing and packaging ("SPP") net of promotional roll-off and price adjustments.

Enterprise revenues increased $30 million and $46 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020 primarily due to an increase in Internet PSUs as well as $18 million of impacts from COVID-19 related programs which reduced revenues in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 offset by lower wholesale PSUs. Enterprise PSUs increased 10,000 from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021.

Advertising sales revenues consist primarily of revenues from commercial advertising customers, programmers and other vendors, as well as local cable and advertising on regional sports and news channels. Advertising sales revenues increased $162 million and $141 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2020 primarily due to the impacts of COVID-19 that lowered revenues in 2020 offset by a decrease in political revenue.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, mobile revenues represented approximately $214 million and $442 million of device revenues, respectively, and approximately $305 million and $569 million of service revenues, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, mobile revenues represented approximately $158 million and $289 million of device revenues, respectively, and approximately $152 million and $279 million of service revenues, respectively. The increases in revenues are a result of an increase of 1,243,000 mobile lines from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021.

Other revenues consist of revenue from regional sports and news channels (excluding intercompany charges or advertising sales on those channels), home shopping, late payment fees, video device sales, wire maintenance fees and other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenues increased $5 million and $1 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020.

Operating costs and expenses. The increase in our operating costs and expenses, exclusive of items shown separately in the consolidated statements of operations, are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Programming	$	105	$	201
Regulatory, connectivity and produced content	180		229
Costs to service customers	(21)		(65)
Marketing	22		7
Mobile	173		371
Other	126		121
	$	585	$	864

Programming costs were approximately $3.0 billion and $6.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, representing 38% of total operating costs and expense for both time periods, and $2.9 billion and $5.8 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, representing 39% of total operating costs and expense for both time periods. Programming costs consist primarily of costs paid to programmers for basic, digital, premium, video on demand, and pay-per-view programming. Programming costs increased as a result of contractual rate adjustments, including renewals and increases in amounts paid for retransmission consent offset by a higher mix of lower cost video packages within our video customer base. We expect programming rates per customer will continue to increase due to a variety of factors, including annual increases imposed by programmers with additional selling power as a result of media and broadcast station groups consolidation, increased demands by owners of broadcast stations for payment for retransmission consent or linking carriage of other services to retransmission consent, and additional programming. We have been unable to fully pass these increases on to our customers and do not expect to be able to do so in the future without a potential loss of customers.

Regulatory, connectivity and produced content increased $180 million and $229 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020 primarily due to higher sports rights costs as a result of more basketball and baseball games during the first half of 2021 as compared to the corresponding period in 2020 as the prior period had postponement of games and the current period had additional games due to the delayed start of the 2020 - 2021 NBA season as a result of COVID-19.

Costs to service customers decreased $21 million and $65 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020 despite 4.2% customer growth primarily due to fewer transactions and a decrease in bad debt expense partly driven by government stimulus packages offset by the higher labor costs associated with our commitment to a minimum $20 per hour wage in 2022.

Mobile costs of $586 million and $1.2 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $413 million and $787 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, were comprised of mobile device costs and mobile service, customer acquisition and operating costs. The increase is attributable to an increase in the number of mobile lines.

The increase in other expense is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Corporate costs	$	53	$	26
Advertising sales expense	51		34
Stock compensation expense	10		54
Enterprise	7		9
Property tax and insurance	2		(4)
Other	3		2
	$	126	$	121

Corporate costs increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding prior periods primarily due to higher labor costs. Advertising sales expense increased due to higher cost of sales fees driven by higher revenue. Stock compensation expense increased during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding period in 2020 primarily due to changes in certain equity award provisions that result in additional expense at the time of grant.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $74 million and $130 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020 primarily due to a decrease in depreciation and amortization as certain assets acquired in acquisitions become fully depreciated offset by an increase in depreciation as a result of more recent capital expenditures.

Other operating (income) expenses, net. The change in other operating (income) expenses, net is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Special charges, net	$	(12)	$	227
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets, net	1		57
	$	(11)	$	284

See Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for more information.

Interest expense, net. Net interest expense increased by $47 million and $50 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020. The increase in net interest expense is the result of an increase in weighted average debt outstanding of approximately $6.6 billion and $5.6 billion during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2020 offset by reductions in weighted average interest rates. The increase in weighted average debt outstanding is primarily due to the issuance of notes throughout 2020 and 2021 for general corporate purposes including stock buybacks and debt repayments.

Other income (expenses), net. The change in other income (expenses), net is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Loss on extinguishment of debt (see Note 6)	$	(10)	$	(12)
Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net (see Note 9)	(155)		211
Other pension benefits, net (see Note 21)	162		170
Loss on equity investments, net (see Note 3)	(159)		(153)
	$	(162)	$	216

See Notes referenced above to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for more information.

Income tax expense. We recognized income tax expense of $281 million and $497 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $166 million and $195 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. The increase is primarily a result of higher pretax income. For more information, see Note 16 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for financial reporting purposes represents A/N’s portion of Charter Holdings’ net income based on its effective common unit ownership interest and the preferred dividend of $32 million and $70 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $37 million and $75 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. For more information, see Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Net income attributable to Charter shareholders. Net income attributable to Charter shareholders increased from $766 million and $1.2 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, to $1.0 billion and $1.8 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, primarily as a result of the factors described above.

Use of Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow

We use certain measures that are not defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") to evaluate various aspects of our business. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, net income attributable to Charter shareholders and net cash flows from operating activities reported in accordance with GAAP. These terms, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are reconciled to net income attributable to Charter shareholders and net cash flows from operating activities, respectively, below.

Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the significant non-cash depreciation and amortization expense that results from the capital-intensive nature of our businesses as well as other non-cash or special items, and is unaffected by our capital structure or investment activities. However, this measure is limited in that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues and our cash cost of financing. These costs are evaluated through other financial measures.

Free cash flow is defined as net cash flows from operating activities, less capital expenditures and changes in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures.

Management and Charter’s board of directors use Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow to assess our performance and our ability to service our debt, fund operations and make additional investments with internally generated funds. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA generally correlates to the leverage ratio calculation under our credit facilities or outstanding notes to determine compliance with the covenants contained in the facilities and notes (all such documents have been previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)). For the purpose of calculating compliance with leverage covenants, we use Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, excluding certain expenses paid by our operating subsidiaries to other Charter entities. Our debt covenants refer to these expenses as management fees, which were $365 million and $642 million for

the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $308 million and $619 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow to net income attributable to Charter shareholders and net cash flows from operating activities, respectively, is as follows (dollars in millions).


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income attributable to Charter shareholders	$	1,020	$	766	$	1,827	$	1,162
Plus: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	138		110		252		181
Interest expense, net	1,004		957		1,987		1,937
Income tax expense	281		166		497		195
Depreciation and amortization	2,354		2,428		4,795		4,925
Stock compensation expense	100		90		234		180
Other (income) expenses, net	123		(28)		373		305
Adjusted EBITDA	$	5,020	$	4,489	$	9,965	$	8,885

Net cash flows from operating activities	$	3,999	$	3,529	$	7,750	$	6,749
Less: Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(1,881)		(1,877)		(3,702)		(3,338)
Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures	(50)		214		(125)		(174)
Free cash flow	$	2,068	$	1,866	$	3,923	$	3,237

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Introduction

This section contains a discussion of our liquidity and capital resources, including a discussion of our cash position, sources and uses of cash, access to credit facilities and other financing sources, historical financing activities, cash needs, capital expenditures and outstanding debt.

Recent Events

$500 million of CCO Holdings' 5.750% notes due February 2026, all of CCO Holdings' 5.875% notes due May 2027, and in July 2021, $1.0 billion of Time Warner Cable, LLC's 4.000% notes due September 2021.

Overview of Our Contractual Obligations and Liquidity

We have significant amounts of debt. The principal amount of our debt as of June 30, 2021 was $87.5 billion, consisting of $10.0 billion of credit facility debt, $53.6 billion of investment grade senior secured notes and $24.0 billion of high-yield senior unsecured notes. Our business requires significant cash to fund principal and interest payments on our debt.

Our projected cash needs and projected sources of liquidity depend upon, among other things, our actual results, and the timing and amount of our expenditures. As we continue to grow our mobile services, we expect an initial funding period to grow a new product as well as negative working capital impacts from the timing of device-related cash flows when we sell devices to customers pursuant to equipment installment plans. Further, in 2022, Charter expects to become a meaningful federal cash tax payer as the majority of net operating losses will have been utilized. Free cash flow was $2.1 billion and $3.9 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $1.9 billion and $3.2 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. See table below for factors impacting free cash flow during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the corresponding prior periods. As of June 30, 2021, the amount available under our credit facilities was approximately $4.7 billion and cash on hand was approximately $1.7 billion. We expect to utilize free cash flow, cash on hand and availability under our credit facilities as well as future refinancing transactions to further extend the maturities of our obligations. The timing and terms of any refinancing transactions will be subject to market conditions among other considerations. Additionally, we may, from time to time, and depending on market conditions and other factors, use cash on hand and the proceeds from securities offerings or other borrowings to retire our debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases, tender offers or redemption provisions. We believe we have sufficient liquidity from cash on hand, free cash flow and Charter Operating’s revolving credit facility as well as access to the capital markets to fund our projected cash needs.

We continue to evaluate the deployment of our cash on hand and anticipated future free cash flow including to invest in our business growth and other strategic opportunities, including the expansion of our network such as through our Rural Digital Opportunity Fund ("RDOF") project, the build-out and deployment of our CBRS spectrum, and mergers and acquisitions as well as stock repurchases and dividends. Charter's target leverage of net debt to the last twelve months Adjusted EBITDA remains at 4 to 4.5 times Adjusted EBITDA, and up to 3.5 times Adjusted EBITDA at the Charter Operating first lien level. Our leverage ratio was 4.4 times Adjusted EBITDA as of June 30, 2021. As Adjusted EBITDA grows, we expect to increase the total amount of our indebtedness to maintain leverage within Charter's target leverage range. Excluding purchases from Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband”) discussed below, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, Charter purchased in the public market approximately 3.2 million and 7.9 million shares of Charter Class A common stock, respectively, for approximately $2.1 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively, and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, Charter purchased approximately 2.0 million and 6.5 million shares of Charter Class A common stock, respectively, for approximately $1.0 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively. Since the beginning of its buyback program in September 2016 through June 30, 2021, Charter has purchased in the public market approximately 95.6 million shares of Class A common stock for approximately $39.7 billion.

In February 2021, Charter and Liberty Broadband entered into a letter agreement (the “LBB Letter Agreement”). The LBB Letter Agreement implements Liberty Broadband’s obligations under the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement with Charter, Liberty Broadband and Advance/Newhouse Partnership (“A/N”), dated as of May 23, 2015 (as amended, the “Stockholders Agreement”) to participate in share repurchases by Charter. Under the LBB Letter Agreement, Liberty Broadband will sell to Charter, generally on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock representing an amount sufficient for Liberty Broadband’s ownership of Charter to be reduced such that it does not exceed the ownership cap then applicable to Liberty Broadband under the Stockholders Agreement at a purchase price per share equal to the volume weighted average price per share paid by Charter for shares repurchased during such immediately preceding calendar month other than (i) purchases from A/N, (ii) purchases in privately negotiated transactions or (iii) purchases for the withholding of shares of Charter Class A common stock pursuant to equity compensation programs of Charter. Charter purchased from Liberty Broadband 1.9 million and 2.8 million shares of Charter Class A common stock for approximately $1.2 billion and $1.8 billion during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. In July 2021, Charter purchased from Liberty Broadband an additional 0.4 million shares of Charter Class A common stock for approximately $279 million.

In December 2016, Charter and A/N entered into a letter agreement, as amended in December 2017 (the "A/N Letter Agreement"), that requires A/N to sell to Charter or to Charter Holdings, on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units that represents a pro rata participation by A/N and its affiliates in

any repurchases of shares of Charter Class A common stock from persons other than A/N effected by Charter during the immediately preceding calendar month, at a purchase price equal to the average price paid by Charter for the shares repurchased from persons other than A/N during such immediately preceding calendar month. A/N and Charter both have the right to terminate or suspend the pro rata repurchase arrangement on a prospective basis. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, Charter Holdings purchased from A/N 0.9 million and 1.7 million Charter Holdings common units, respectively, for approximately $583 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, Charter Holdings purchased from A/N 0.3 million and 1.1 million Charter Holdings common units, respectively, for approximately $125 million and $518 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2021, Charter had remaining board authority to purchase an additional $1.7 billion of Charter’s Class A common stock and/or Charter Holdings common units, excluding purchases from Liberty Broadband. Although Charter expects to continue to buy back its common stock consistent with its leverage target range, Charter is not obligated to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the timing of any purchases that may occur cannot be predicted and will largely depend on market conditions and other potential uses of capital. Purchases may include open market purchases, tender offers or negotiated transactions.

As possible acquisitions, swaps or dispositions arise, we actively review them against our objectives including, among other considerations, improving the operational efficiency, geographic clustering of assets, product development or technology capabilities of our business and achieving appropriate return targets, and we may participate to the extent we believe these possibilities present attractive opportunities. However, there can be no assurance that we will actually complete any acquisitions, dispositions or system swaps, or that any such transactions will be material to our operations or results.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow increased $202 million and $686 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to the corresponding prior periods in 2020 due to the following (dollars in millions).


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)		Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020 Increase / (Decrease)
Increase in Adjusted EBITDA	$	531	$	1,080
Changes in working capital, excluding change in accrued interest	(275)		20
Increase in cash paid for interest, net	(47)		(24)
Increase in capital expenditures	(4)		(364)
Other, net	(3)		(26)
	$	202	$	686

Free cash flow was reduced by $277 million and $461 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $233 million and $493 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, due to mobile with impacts negatively affecting working capital, capital expenditures and Adjusted EBITDA.

Limitations on Distributions

Distributions by our subsidiaries to a parent company for payment of principal on parent company notes are restricted under CCO Holdings indentures and Charter Operating credit facilities governing our indebtedness, unless there is no default under the applicable indenture and credit facilities, and unless each applicable entity’s leverage ratio test is met at the time of such distribution. As of June 30, 2021, there was no default under any of these indentures or credit facilities, and each applicable entity met its applicable leverage ratio tests based on June 30, 2021 financial results. There can be no assurance that they will satisfy these tests at the time of the contemplated distribution. Distributions by Charter Operating for payment of principal on parent company (CCO Holdings) notes are further restricted by the covenants in its credit facilities.

However, without regard to leverage, during any calendar year or any portion thereof during which the borrower is a flow-through entity for tax purposes, and so long as no event of default exists, the borrower may make distributions to the equity interests of the borrower in an amount sufficient to make permitted tax payments.

In addition to the limitation on distributions under the various indentures, distributions by our subsidiaries may be limited by applicable law, including the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, under which our subsidiaries may only make distributions if they have “surplus” as defined in the act.

Historical Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We held $1.7 billion and $1.0 billion in cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $1.0 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to an increase in Adjusted EBITDA of $1.1 billion.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $4.0 billion and $3.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in cash used was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures.

Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities decreased $1.5 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to an increase in the amount by which borrowings of long-term debt exceeded repayments offset by an increase in the purchase of treasury stock and noncontrolling interest.

Capital Expenditures

We have significant ongoing capital expenditure requirements. Capital expenditures were $1.9 billion and $3.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $1.9 billion and $3.3 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. The increase during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to an increase in scalable infrastructure driven by augmentation of network capacity for customer growth and usage, with incremental spending to reclaim network headroom maintained prior to COVID-19, and higher line extensions driven by continued network expansion, including to rural areas. See the table below for more details.

We currently expect 2021 cable capital expenditures, excluding RDOF investments, to be relatively consistent as a percentage of cable revenue versus 2020. The actual amount of our capital expenditures in 2021 will depend on a number of factors including further spend related to product development and growth rates of both our residential and commercial businesses.

Our capital expenditures are funded primarily from cash flows from operating activities and borrowings on our credit facility. In addition, our accrued liabilities related to capital expenditures decreased by $125 million and $174 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The following tables present our major capital expenditures categories in accordance with National Cable and Telecommunications Association (“NCTA”) disclosure guidelines for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. These disclosure guidelines are not required disclosures under GAAP, nor do they impact our accounting for capital expenditures under GAAP (dollars in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Customer premise equipment (a)	$	494	$	518	$	983	$	981
Scalable infrastructure (b)	437		385		848		555
Line extensions (c)	400		422		799		765
Upgrade/rebuild (d)	161		155		306		284
Support capital (e)	389		397		766		753
Total capital expenditures	$	1,881	$	1,877	$	3,702	$	3,338

Capital expenditures included in total related to:
Commercial services	$	397	$	323	$	730	$	584
Mobile	$	124	$	125	$	236	$	212

(a)Customer premise equipment includes costs incurred at the customer residence to secure new customers and revenue generating units, including customer installation costs and customer premise equipment (e.g., digital receivers and cable modems).

(b)Scalable infrastructure includes costs not related to customer premise equipment, to secure growth of new customers and revenue generating units, or provide service enhancements (e.g., headend equipment).

(c)Line extensions include network costs associated with entering new service areas (e.g., fiber/coaxial cable, amplifiers, electronic equipment, make-ready and design engineering).

(d)Upgrade/rebuild includes costs to modify or replace existing fiber/coaxial cable networks, including betterments.

(e)Support capital includes costs associated with the replacement or enhancement of non-network assets due to technological and physical obsolescence (e.g., non-network equipment, land, buildings and vehicles).

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

See Note 22 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for a discussion of recently issued accounting standards.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We use derivative instruments to manage foreign exchange risk on the Sterling Notes, and do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes.

Cross-currency derivative instruments are used to effectively convert £1.275 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated debt, including annual interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to fixed-rate U.S. dollar denominated debt. The cross-currency derivative instruments have maturities of June 2031 and July 2042. We are required to post collateral on the cross-currency derivative instruments when such instruments are in a liability position. In April 2019, we entered into a collateral holiday agreement for 60% of both the 2031 and 2042 cross-currency swaps, which eliminates the requirement to post collateral for three years, as well as a ten year collateral cap on the remaining 40% of the cross-currency swaps which limits the required collateral posting on that 40% of the cross-currency swaps to $150 million. In March 2021, the collateral holiday for 20% of the swaps was extended to November 2022 in consideration for our agreement to post collateral over a threshold amount on that 20% portion of the swaps from March 2021 through October 2021. For more information, see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the weighted average interest rate on credit facility debt was approximately 1.7% and 1.7%, respectively, and the weighted average interest rate on the senior notes was approximately 4.9% and 5.1%, respectively, resulting in a blended weighted average interest rate of 4.6% and 4.7%, respectively. The interest rate on approximately 88% and 87% of the total principal amount of our debt was effectively fixed as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The table set forth below summarizes the fair values and contract terms of financial instruments subject to interest rate risk maintained by us as of June 30, 2021 (dollars in millions).


	2021			2022			2023			2024			2025			Thereafter			Total			Fair Value
Debt:
Fixed-Rate	$	1,000		$	3,000		$	1,500		$	1,100		$	4,500		$	65,514		$	76,614		$	87,032
Average Interest Rate	4.00		%	4.46		%	6.92		%	4.50		%	4.91		%	5.04		%	5.02		%

Variable Rate	$	139		$	277		$	436		$	1,165		$	5,320		$	3,575		$	10,912		$	10,889
Average Interest Rate	1.48		%	1.60		%	2.09		%	2.71		%	2.90		%	3.48		%	2.99		%

Interest rates on variable-rate debt are estimated using the average implied forward LIBOR for the year of maturity based on the yield curve in effect at June 30, 2021 including applicable bank spread.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures with respect to the information generated for use in this quarterly report. The

evaluation was based upon reports and certifications provided by a number of executives. Based on, and as of the date of that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurances that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation, we believe that our controls provide such reasonable assurances.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

See Note 20 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 1. Financial Statements” for Legal Proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes "Risk Factors" under Item 1A of Part I. There have been no material changes from the updated risk factors described in our Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

The following table presents Charter’s purchases of equity securities completed during the second quarter of 2021 (dollars in millions, except per share amounts):


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
April 1 - 30, 2021	1,947,864	$627.85	1,858,684	$1,322
May 1 - 31, 2021	2,070,063	$670.05	1,845,671	$2,080
June 1 - 30, 2021	1,498,385	$689.09	1,442,902	$1,656

(1)Includes 89,180, 224,392 and 55,483 shares withheld from employees for the payment of taxes and exercise costs upon the exercise of stock options or vesting of other equity awards for the months of April, May and June 2021, respectively.

(2)During the three months ended June 30, 2021, Charter purchased approximately 5.1 million shares of its Class A common stock for approximately $3.4 billion, which includes 1.9 million Charter class A common shares purchased from Liberty Broadband pursuant to the LBB Letter Agreement at an average price per unit of $645.63, or $1.2 billion. Charter Holdings purchased 0.9 million Charter Holdings common units from A/N at an average price per unit of $639.28, or $583 million, during the three months ended June 30, 2021. As of June 30, 2021, Charter had remaining board authority to purchase an additional $1.7 billion of Charter’s Class A common stock and/or Charter Holdings common units. In addition to open market purchases including pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans adopted from time to time, Charter may also buy shares of Charter Class A common stock, from time to time, pursuant to private transactions outside of its Rule 10b5-1 plan and any such repurchases may also trigger the repurchases from A/N pursuant to and to the extent provided in the A/N Letter Agreement or Liberty pursuant to the LBB Letter Agreement.

Item 5. Other Information.

On July 27, 2021, Charter entered into an amended and restated employment agreement (the “Agreement”) with David G. Ellen, Charter’s Senior Executive Vice President.

The Agreement, which is effective as of July 1, 2021, has a term ending July 1, 2023 (or upon an earlier termination of employment) and provides that Mr. Ellen will continue to serve as Senior Executive Vice President. The Agreement provides that Mr. Ellen will receive an annual base salary of at least $1,250,000 and a target annual cash bonus opportunity of 160% of his annual base salary. Mr. Ellen will also continue to participate in Charter’s employee benefit plans and receive perquisites as generally provided to other senior executives of Charter.

In addition, consistent with Mr. Ellen’s prior employment agreement, Charter will continue to reimburse Mr. Ellen for all reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in connection with the performance of his duties. Mr. Ellen is also entitled to use the company aircraft for up to 30 hours of discretionary personal use per calendar year (without carryover).

If the employment of Mr. Ellen is terminated involuntarily by Charter without cause or by him for good reason, he would be entitled to (a) a cash severance payment equal to the product of 2.0 multiplied by the sum of his annual base salary and target

annual bonus opportunity for the year in which the termination occurs, (b) a prorated annual bonus for the year of termination, determined based on actual performance, (c) a cash payment equal to the cost of COBRA coverage for 24 months following termination and (d) up to 12 months of executive-level outplacement services.

In the event of the termination of Mr. Ellen’s employment due to death or disability or if Charter does not renew the Agreement and Mr. Ellen terminates his employment during the year following the non-renewal, in addition to payment of amounts earned but unpaid and reimbursement of expenses through the date of termination, he would be eligible for a prorated annual bonus for the year of termination, determined based on actual performance.

The termination benefits described above are subject to Mr. Ellen’s execution of a release of claims in favor of Charter and its affiliates. In addition, Mr. Ellen has agreed to comply with covenants (a) concerning nondisclosure of confidential information, assignment of intellectual property and nondisparagement of Charter, (b) concerning noncompetition for two years following termination, and (c) concerning nonsolicitation of customers and employees of Charter for one year following termination.

A copy of the Agreement is filed herewith as Exhibit 10.4. The foregoing description of the Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of that document.

Item 6. Exhibits.

See Exhibit Index.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Charter Communications, Inc. has duly caused this quarterly report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
	Registrant

	By:	/s/ Kevin D. Howard
		Kevin D. Howard
Date: July 30, 2021		Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller

S-1

Exhibit Index


Exhibit						Description

10.1						Twentieth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 2, 2021, among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp., as issuers, CCO Holdings, LLC, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on June 2, 2021).
10.2						Form of 4.400% Senior Notes due 2061 (included in Exhibit 10.1).
10.3						Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 2, 2021, relating to the 4.500% Senior Notes due 2033, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as representative of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on June 2, 2021).
10.4						Amended and restated employment agreement between Charter Communications, Inc. and David G. Ellen, dated July 27, 2021 .
31.1						Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2						Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer).
32.2						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer).
101						The following financial information from Charter Communications, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2021, formatted in iXBRL (inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104						Cover Page, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

E-1

Document

Exhibit 10.4

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), by and among Charter Communications, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and David G. Ellen (“Executive”), is dated as of July 27, 2021.

RECITALS:

WHEREAS, it is the desire of the Company to assure itself of the continued services of Executive by continuing to engage Executive as its Senior Executive Vice President and the Executive desires to serve the Company on the terms herein provided;

WHEREAS, Executive and the Company are party to an employment agreement effective as of July 1, 2016 (the “Prior Employment Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Executive and the Company (the “Parties”) desire to enter into this Agreement, as an amendment and restatement of the Prior Employment Agreement in order for the Company and its affiliates to continue to engage the services of Executive and Executive desires to continue to serve the Company on the terms herein provided; and

WHEREAS, Executive’s agreement to the terms and conditions of Sections 13, 14 and 15 are a material and essential condition of Executive’s employment with the Company under the terms of this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and of the respective covenants and agreements set forth below, the Parties agree as follows:

1. Certain Definitions.

(a)“Annual Base Salary” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.

(b)“Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

(c)“Bonus” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.

(d)The Company shall have “Cause” to terminate Executive’s employment hereunder upon:

(i)Executive’s willful breach of a material obligation (which, if curable, is not cured within ten (10) business days after the Company provides written notice of such breach) or representation under this Agreement, Executive’s willful breach of any fiduciary duty to the Company, which, if curable, is not cured within ten (10) business days after the Company provides written notice of such breach; or any act of fraud or willful and material misrepresentation or concealment upon, to or from the Company or the Board;

(ii)Executive’s willful failure to comply in any material respect with (A) the Company’s Code of Conduct in effect from time to time and applicable to officers and/or employees generally, or (B) any written Company policy, if such policy is material to the effective performance by Executive of Executive’s duties under this Agreement, and, if such failure is curable, if Executive has been given a reasonable opportunity to cure this failure to comply within a period of time which is reasonable under the circumstances but not more than the thirty (30)-day period after written notice of such failure is provided to Executive; provided that if Executive cures this failure and then fails again to comply with the same provision of the Code of Conduct or the same written Company policy, no further opportunity to cure that failure shall be required;

(iii)Executive’s misappropriation (or attempted misappropriation) of a material amount of the Company’s funds or property;

(iv)Executive’s conviction of, the entering of a guilty plea or plea of nolo contendere or no contest (or the equivalent), with respect to (A) either a felony or a crime that materially adversely affects or could reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect the Company or its business reputation; or (B) fraud, embezzlement, any felony offense involving dishonesty or constituting a breach of trust or moral turpitude;

(v)Executive’s admission of liability of, or finding of liability by a court of competent jurisdiction for, a knowing and deliberate violation of any “Securities Laws”; provided that any termination of Executive by the Company for Cause pursuant to this clause (v) based on finding of liability by the court shall be treated instead for all purposes of this Agreement as a termination by the Company without Cause, with effect as of the date of such termination, if such finding is reversed on appeal in a decision from which an appeal may not be taken or as to which the time to appeal has expired. As used herein, the term “Securities Laws” means any federal or state law, rule or regulation governing generally the issuance or exchange of securities, including without limitation the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act”);

(vi)Executive’s illegal possession or use of any controlled substance or excessive use of alcohol, in each case at a work function, in connection with Executive’s duties, or on Company premises; “excessive” meaning either repeated unprofessional use or any single event of consumption giving rise to significant intoxication or unprofessional behavior; or

(vii)Executive’s willful or grossly negligent commission of any other act or willful failure to act in connection with Executive’s duties as an executive of the Company which causes or should reasonably be expected (as of the time of such occurrence) to cause substantial economic injury to or substantial injury to the business reputation of the Company, including, without limitation, any material violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, as described herein below.

No termination of Executive’s employment shall be effective as a termination for Cause for purposes of this Agreement or any other “Company Arrangement” (as defined in Section 11(f)) unless Executive shall first have been given written notice by the Board of its intention to terminate his employment for Cause, such notice (the “Cause Notice”) to state in detail the particular circumstances that constitute the grounds on which the proposed termination for Cause is based. If, within twenty (20) calendar days after such Cause Notice is given to Executive, the Board gives written notice to Executive confirming that, in the judgment of at least a majority of the members of the Board, Cause for terminating his employment on the basis set forth in the original Cause Notice exists, his employment hereunder shall thereupon be terminated for Cause, subject to de novo review, at Executive’s election, through arbitration in accordance with Section 28. If Executive commits or is charged with committing any offense of the character or type specified in subparagraph 1(d)(iv), (v) or (vi) herein, then the Company at its option may suspend Executive with or without pay and such suspension shall not constitute “Good Reason” hereunder or for purposes of any other arrangement with the Company. If Executive subsequently is convicted of, pleads guilty or nolo contendere (or equivalent plea) to, any such offense, Executive shall immediately repay the after-tax amount of any compensation paid in cash hereunder from the date of the suspension. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any stock option or equity incentive plan or award agreement, all vesting and all lapsing of restrictions on restricted shares shall be tolled during the period of suspension and all unvested options and restricted shares for which the restrictions have not lapsed shall terminate and not be exercisable by or issued to Executive if during or after such suspension Executive is convicted of, pleads guilty or nolo contendere (or equivalent plea) to, any offense specified in subparagraph 1(d)(iv) or (v). However, if Executive is found not guilty of all offenses relating to his suspension, or the charges relating to all such offenses are otherwise dropped, Executive shall be entitled to immediate payment of any amounts not paid during the suspension and any awards as to which the vesting or lapsing of restrictions was tolled shall immediately vest and applicable restrictions shall immediately lapse.

(e) “Change of Control” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following

events:

(i)an acquisition of any voting securities of the Company by any “Person” or “Group” (as those terms are used for purposes of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act), immediately after which such Person has “Beneficial Ownership” (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of thirty-five percent (35%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then-outstanding voting securities; provided, however, that the acquisition of voting securities in a “Non-Control Transaction” (as hereinafter defined) shall not constitute a Change of Control;

(ii)the individuals who, as of the Effective Date, are members of the Board (the “Incumbent Board”), cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board; provided, however, that if the election, or nomination for election by the Company’s common stockholders, of any new director (excluding any director whose nomination or election to the Board is the result of any actual or threatened proxy contest or settlement thereof) was approved

by a vote of at least a majority of the Incumbent Board, such new director shall, for purposes of this Agreement, be considered as a member of the Incumbent Board;

(iii)the consummation of a merger, consolidation or reorganization with or into the Company or in which securities of the Company are issued (a “Merger”), unless such Merger is a Non-Control Transaction. A “Non-Control Transaction” shall mean a Merger where: (1) the stockholders of the Company immediately before such Merger own, directly or indirectly, immediately following such Merger more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the entity resulting from such Merger or its controlling parent entity (the “Surviving Entity”), (2) the individuals who were members of the Incumbent Board immediately prior to the execution of the agreement providing for such Merger constitute at least a majority of the members of the board of directors (or similar governing body) of the Surviving Entity, and (3) no Person other than (X) the Company, its subsidiaries or any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company (each such entity, an “affiliate”) or any of their respective employee benefit plans (or any trust forming a part thereof) that, immediately prior to such Merger, was maintained by the Company or any subsidiary or affiliate of the Company, or (Y) any Person who, immediately prior to such Merger, had Beneficial Ownership of thirty-five percent (35%) or more of the then-outstanding voting securities of the Company, has Beneficial Ownership of thirty-five percent (35%) or more of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities or common stock of the Surviving Entity;

(iv)the approval by the holders of the Company’s then-outstanding voting securities of a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company (other than where all or substantially all of assets of the Company are transferred to or remain with subsidiaries of the Company); or

(v)the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, directly or indirectly, to any Person (other than a transfer to an affiliate of the Company) unless such sale or disposition constitutes a Non-Control Transaction (with the disposition of assets being regarded as a Merger for this purpose).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Change of Control shall not occur solely based on a filing of a Chapter 11 reorganization proceeding of the Company.

(f)“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(g)“Committee” shall mean either the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board, or a subcommittee of such Committee duly appointed by the Board or the Committee, or any successor to the functions thereof.

(h)“Company” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.

(i)“Corporate Office” shall mean the Company’s offices in or near the metropolitan areas of Stamford, Connecticut or New York, New York.

(j)“Date of Termination” shall mean (i) if Executive’s employment is terminated by Executive’s death, the date of Executive’s death and (ii) if Executive’s employment is terminated pursuant to Section 10(a)(ii)-(vi), the date of termination of employment as provided thereunder. After the Date of Termination, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, Executive shall, to the extent necessary to avoid the imposition of penalty taxes under Section 409A of the Code, have no duties that are inconsistent with his having had a “separation from service” as of the Date of Termination for purposes of Section 409A of the Code.

(k)For purposes of this Agreement, Executive will be deemed to have a “Disability” if, due to illness, injury or a physical or medically recognized mental condition, (i) Executive is unable to perform Executive’s duties under this Agreement with reasonable accommodation for one hundred and twenty (120) consecutive calendar days, or one hundred and eighty (180) calendar days during any twelve (12)-month period, as determined in accordance with this Section 1(k), or (ii) Executive is considered disabled for purposes of receiving/qualifying for long-term disability benefits under any group long-term disability insurance plan or policy offered by the Company in which Executive participates. The Disability of Executive will be determined by a medical doctor selected by written agreement of the Company and Executive upon the request of either Party by notice to the other, or (in the case of and with respect to any applicable long-term disability insurance policy or plan) will be determined according to the terms of the applicable long-term disability insurance policy/plan. If the Company and Executive cannot agree on the selection of a medical doctor, each of them will select a medical doctor and the two medical doctors will select a third medical doctor who will determine whether Executive has a Disability. The determination of the medical doctor selected under this Section 1(k) will be binding on both Parties. Executive must submit to a reasonable number of examinations by the medical doctor making the determination of Disability under this Section 1(k), and to other specialists designated by such medical doctor, and Executive hereby authorizes the disclosure and release to the Company of such determination and all supporting medical records. If Executive is not legally competent, Executive’s legal guardian or duly authorized attorney-in-fact will act in Executive’s stead under this Section 1(k) for the purposes of submitting Executive to the examinations, and providing the authorization of disclosure, required under this Section 1(k).

(l)“Effective Date” shall mean July 1, 2021.

(m)“Employment Effective Date” shall mean the date Executive’s employment with the Company or a predecessor commenced.

(n)“Executive” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.

(o)“Good Reason” shall mean any of the events described herein that occur without Executive’s prior written consent: (i) any reduction in Executive’s Annual Base Salary or Target Bonus; (ii) any failure to pay or provide Executive’s compensation hereunder when

due; (iii) any material breach by the Company of a material term of this Agreement; (iv) a material adverse change of Executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities, including without limitation a transfer or reassignment to another executive of material responsibilities that have been assigned to Executive and generally are part of the responsibilities and functions assigned to him in Section 3(a), or the appointment of another individual to the same or similar titles or position; provided that this clause (iv) shall not apply following the delivery to Executive by the Company of a Non-renewal Notice at any time prior to a Change of Control and within one hundred ninety (190) days prior to the end of the term of this Agreement; (v) relocation of Executive’s primary workplace to a location that is more than fifty (50) miles from the Corporate Office (in each case of clauses (i) through (v) only if Executive objects to the Company in writing within ninety (90) calendar days after first becoming aware of such event and unless the Company retracts and/or rectifies the claimed Good Reason event within thirty (30) calendar days following receipt of such notice; (vi) the failure of a successor to the business of the Company to assume the Company’s obligations under this Agreement in the event of a Change of Control during the Term; or (vii) any change in reporting structure such that Executive no longer reports directly to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (or, if the Company becomes a subsidiary of another entity, the Chief Executive Officer of the ultimate parent entity).

(p)“Notice of Termination” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10(b).

(q)“Non-renewal Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.

(r)“Person” shall have the meaning set forth in Sections 13(d) and 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act.

(s)“Plan” shall mean the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended by the Company from time to time, and any successor thereto.

(t)“Pro-Rata Bonus” shall mean a pro-rata portion of the Bonus granted to Executive for the year in which the Date of Termination occurs equal to a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of calendar days during such year through (and including) the Date of Termination and the denominator of which is 365, with such pro-rata portion earned in an amount based on the degree to which the applicable performance financial and operational goals are ultimately achieved, as determined by the Committee on a basis applied uniformly to Executive as to other senior executives of the Company.

(u)“Term” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.

2.Employment Term. The Company hereby continues to employ Executive, and Executive hereby accepts continued employment, under the terms and conditions hereof, for the period (the “Term”) beginning on the Effective Date and terminating upon the earlier of (i) the second anniversary of the Effective Date (the “Initial Term”) and (ii) the Date of Termination as defined in Section 1(j). The Company may, in its sole discretion, extend the term of this Agreement for additional one (1)-year periods. If the Company fails to provide Executive with at least one hundred eighty (180) days’ notice prior to the end of the Initial Term or any

extension thereof of the Company’s intent to not renew this Agreement (the “Non-renewal Notice”), the Initial Term or any previous extension thereof shall be extended one day for each day past the one hundred eightieth (180th) day prior to the end of the Initial Term or any extension thereof on which a Non-renewal Notice is not provided; provided that, if the Company fails to provide any Non-renewal Notice and does not extend the term of this Agreement as of the last day of the Initial Term or any extension thereof, the Non-renewal Notice shall be deemed to have been given to Executive on the last day of the term of this Agreement.

3.Position and Duties.

(a)During the Term, Executive shall serve as the Senior Executive Vice President of the Company; shall have the authorities, duties and responsibilities for overseeing (i) the following business and corporate functions: Programming, Policy (in partnership with Government Affairs), Spectrum Networks (including the RSNs and the local news and sports networks), Human Resources (including Diversity and Labor Relations), Communications and Security; and (ii) the legal group (x) supporting the Programming, Policy, Spectrum Networks, Product and Labor Relations functions as well as (y) handling regulatory compliance; shall be assigned no duties or responsibilities that are materially inconsistent with, or that materially impair his ability to discharge, the foregoing duties and responsibilities; shall have such additional duties and responsibilities (including service with affiliates of the Company) reasonably consistent with the foregoing, as may from time to time reasonably be assigned to him by the Chief Executive Officer.

(b)During the Term, Executive shall devote substantially all of his business time and efforts to the business and affairs of the Company. However, nothing in this Agreement shall preclude Executive from: (i) serving on the boards of a reasonable number of business entities, trade associations and charitable organizations, (ii) engaging in charitable activities and community affairs, (iii) accepting and fulfilling a reasonable number of speaking engagements, and (iv) managing his personal investments and affairs; provided that such activities do not, either individually or in the aggregate, interfere with the proper performance of his duties and responsibilities hereunder; create a conflict of interest; or violate any provision of this Agreement; and provided further that service on the board of any business entity must be approved in advance by the Board.

4.Place of Performance. During the Term, Executive’s primary office and principal workplace shall be the Corporate Office, except for necessary travel on the Company’s business. The Parties acknowledge and Executive agrees that Executive is expected to commute to the Corporate Office from his principal or secondary residence whether inside or outside of the metropolitan area or areas in which the Corporate Office is located.

5.Annual Base Salary. During the Term and beginning on the Effective Date, Executive shall receive a base salary at a rate not less than $1,250,000 per annum (the “Annual Base Salary”), paid in accordance with the Company’s general payroll practices for executives, but no less frequently than monthly. The Annual Base Salary shall compensate Executive for any position in or directorship of a Company subsidiary or affiliate that Executive holds. No less

frequently than annually during the Term, the Committee, on advice of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, shall review the rate of Annual Base Salary payable to Executive, and may, in its discretion, increase the rate of Annual Base Salary payable hereunder; provided, however, that any increased rate shall thereafter be the rate of “Annual Base Salary” hereunder.

6.Bonus. Except as otherwise provided for herein, for each fiscal year or other period consistent with the Company’s then-applicable normal employment practices during which Executive is employed hereunder on the last day (the “Bonus Year”), Executive shall be eligible to receive a bonus with a target amount not less than 160% of Executive’s Annual Base Salary (the “Target Bonus”), with the actual bonus payout depending on the achievement of levels of performance for that year (the “Bonus”) pursuant to, and as set forth in, the terms of the Company’s Executive Bonus Plan as it may be amended from time to time, plus such other bonus payments, if any, as shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, with such bonuses being paid on or before March 15 of the calendar year next following the Bonus Year.

7.Benefits. Executive shall be entitled to receive such benefits and to participate in such employee group benefit plans, including life, health and disability insurance policies, and financial planning services, and other perquisites and plans as are generally provided by the Company to its other senior executives in accordance with the plans, practices and programs of the Company, as amended and in effect from time to time. In addition, Executive shall have the right during the Term to use the Company’s jet aircraft for personal purposes for up to thirty (30) flight hours per calendar year (without carryover), provided in each case that such aircraft has not already been scheduled for use for Company business. The Company will report taxable income to Executive in respect of personal use of such aircraft as required by law.

8.Expenses. The Company shall promptly reimburse Executive for all reasonable and necessary expenses incurred by Executive in connection with the performance of Executive’s duties as an employee of the Company. Such reimbursement is subject to the submission to the Company by Executive of appropriate documentation and/or vouchers in accordance with the customary procedures of the Company for expense reimbursement, as such procedures may be revised by the Company from time to time hereafter.

9.Vacations. Executive shall be entitled to paid vacation in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy as in effect from time to time, provided that, in no event shall Executive be entitled to less than four (4) weeks of paid vacation per calendar year. Executive shall also be entitled to paid holidays and personal days in accordance with the Company’s practice with respect to same as in effect from time to time.

10.Termination.

(a) Executive’s employment hereunder may be terminated by the Company,

on the one hand, or Executive, on the other hand, as applicable, without any breach of this Agreement, under the following circumstances:

(i)Death. Executive’s employment hereunder shall automatically terminate upon Executive’s death.

(ii)Disability. If Executive has incurred a Disability, the Company may give Executive written notice of its intention to terminate Executive’s employment. In such event, Executive’s employment with the Company shall terminate effective on the fourteenth (14th) calendar day after delivery of such notice to Executive; provided that, within the fourteen (14) calendar days after such delivery, Executive shall not have returned to full time performance of Executive’s duties. Executive may provide notice to the Company of Executive’s resignation on account of a Disability at any time.

(iii)Cause. The Company may terminate Executive’s employment hereunder for Cause effective immediately upon delivery of notice to Executive, after complying with any procedural requirements set forth in Section 1(d).

(iv)Good Reason. Executive may terminate Executive’s employment herein with Good Reason upon (A) satisfaction of any advance notice and other procedural requirements set forth in Section 1(o) for any termination following an event described in any of Sections 1(o)(i) through (v), or (B) at least thirty (30) calendar days’ advance written notice by Executive for any termination following an event described in Section 1(o)(vi) or (vii).

(v)Without Cause. The Company may terminate Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause upon at least thirty (30) calendar days’ advance written notice to Executive.

(vi)Resignation Without Good Reason. Executive may resign Executive’s employment without Good Reason upon at least thirty (30) calendar days’ advance written notice to the Company.

(b)Notice of Termination. Any termination of Executive’s employment by the Company or by Executive under this Section 10 (other than pursuant to Section 10(a)(i)) shall be communicated by a written notice (the “Notice of Termination”) to the other Party hereto, indicating the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, setting forth in reasonable detail any facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of Executive’s employment under the provision so indicated, and specifying a Date of Termination, which notice shall be delivered within the applicable time periods set forth in subsections 10(a)(ii)-(vi) (the “Notice Period”); provided that the Company may earlier terminate Executive’s employment during such Notice Period and pay to Executive all Annual Base Salary, benefits and other rights due to Executive under this Agreement during such Notice Period (as if Executive continued employment) instead of employing Executive during such Notice Period.

(c)Resignation from Representational Capacities. Executive hereby acknowledges and agrees that upon Executive’s termination of employment with the Company for whatever reason, Executive shall be deemed to have, and shall have in fact, effectively resigned from all

executive, director, offices, or other positions with the Company or its affiliates at the time of such termination of employment, and shall return all property owned by the Company and in Executive’s possession, including all hardware, files and documents, at that time. Nothing in this Agreement or elsewhere shall prevent Executive from retaining and utilizing copies of benefits plans and programs in which he retains an interest or other documents relating to his personal entitlements and obligations, his desk calendars, his rolodex, and the like, or such other records and documents as may reasonably be approved by the Company.

(d)Termination in Connection with Change of Control. If (i) Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause upon, within thirty (30) calendar days before, or within thirteen (13) months after, a Change of Control, or prior to a Change of Control at the request of a prospective purchaser whose proposed purchase would constitute a Change of Control upon its completion, such termination shall be deemed to have occurred immediately before such Change of Control for purposes of Section 11(b) of this Agreement and the Plan, or (ii) Executive’s employment terminates for any reason at the end of the Term following the delivery or deemed delivery to Executive of a Non-renewal Notice upon, within thirty (30) calendar days before, or within thirteen (13) months after, a Change of Control, or prior to a Change of Control at the request of such a prospective purchaser, such termination shall be deemed to be by the Company without Cause and shall be deemed to have occurred immediately before such Change of Control for purposes of Section 11(b) of this Agreement and the Plan.

11. Termination Pay.

(a)Effective upon the termination of Executive’s employment, the Company will be obligated to pay Executive (or, in the event of Executive’s death, Executive’s designated beneficiary as defined below) only such compensation as is provided in this Section 11, except to the extent otherwise provided for in any Company stock incentive, stock option or cash award plan (including, among others, the Plan and the award agreements applicable thereunder). For purposes of this Section 11, Executive’s designated beneficiary will be such individual beneficiary or trust, located at such address, as Executive may designate by notice to the Company from time to time or, if Executive fails to give notice to the Company of such a beneficiary, Executive’s estate. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Company will have no duty, in any circumstances, to attempt to open an estate on behalf of Executive, to determine whether any beneficiary designated by Executive is alive or to ascertain the address of any such beneficiary, to determine the existence of any trust, to determine whether any person purporting to act as Executive’s personal representative (or the trustee of a trust established by Executive) is duly authorized to act in that capacity, or to locate or attempt to locate any beneficiary, personal representative, or trustee.

(b)Termination by Executive with Good Reason or by Company without Cause. If prior to expiration of the Term, Executive terminates his employment with Good Reason, or if the Company terminates Executive’s employment other than for Cause and other than for death or Disability, Executive will be entitled to receive: (i) all Annual Base Salary earned and duly payable for periods ending on or prior to the Date of Termination but unpaid as of the Date of Termination and all accrued but unused vacation days at his per-business-day rate

of Annual Base Salary in effect as of the Date of Termination, which amounts shall be paid in cash in a lump sum no later than ten (10) business days following the Date of Termination; (ii) all reasonable expenses incurred by Executive through the Date of Termination that are reimbursable in accordance with Section 8, which amount shall be paid in cash within thirty (30) calendar days after the submission by Executive of receipts; and (iii) all Bonuses earned and duly payable for periods ending on or prior to the Date of Termination but unpaid as of the Date of Termination, which amounts shall be paid in cash in a lump sum no later than sixty (60) calendar days following the Date of Termination (such amounts in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) together, the “Accrued Obligations”). If Executive signs and delivers to the Company and does not (within the applicable revocation period) revoke the Release (as defined in Section 11(h)) within sixty (60) calendar days following the Date of Termination, Executive shall also be entitled to receive the following payments and benefits in consideration for Executive abiding by the obligations set forth in Sections 13, 14 and 15:

(A)an amount equal to 2.0 times the sum of Executive’s (x) Annual Base Salary and (y) Target Bonus for the calendar year in which the Date of Termination occurs, which amount shall (subject to Section 31(a)) be paid in substantially equal installments in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practices in effect from time to time commencing with the first payroll date more than sixty (60) calendar days following the Date of Termination and ending twenty-four (24) months and sixty (60) days following the Date of Termination; provided that, if a Change of Control occurs during the twenty-four (24) month period after the Date of Termination (or is deemed pursuant to Section 10(d) to have occurred immediately after such Date of Termination) and such Change of Control qualifies either as a “change in the ownership or effective control” of the Company or a “change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets” of the Company within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, any amounts remaining payable to Executive hereunder shall be paid in a single lump sum immediately upon such Change of Control;

(B)a Pro-Rata Bonus payable at the time bonuses granted for the year in which the Date of Termination occurs are paid to other senior executives of the Company;

(C)a lump sum payment (in an amount net of any taxes deducted and other required withholdings) equal to twenty-four (24) times the monthly cost (as of the Date of Termination) for Executive to receive continued coverage under COBRA for health, dental and vision benefits then being provided for Executive at the Company’s cost on the Date of Termination. This amount will be paid on the first payroll date immediately following the thirty (30)-calendar-day anniversary of the Date of Termination and will not take into account increases in coverage costs after the Date of Termination; and

(D)provide for up to twelve (12) months, or until Executive obtains new employment if sooner, executive-level outplacement services (which provides as part of the outplacement services the use of an office and secretarial support as near as reasonably practicable to Executive’s residence).

(c)No Mitigation. Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payments provided in this Section 11 by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 11 be reduced by any compensation earned by Executive as a result of employment by another company or business, or by profits earned by Executive from any other source at any time before or after the Date of Termination.

(d)Termination by Executive without Good Reason or by Company for Cause. If, prior to the expiration of the Term, Executive terminates Executive’s employment without Good Reason or if the Company terminates Executive’s employment for Cause, Executive shall be entitled to receive the Accrued Obligations at the times set forth in Sections 11(b)(i), (ii) and (iii), respectively, and Executive shall be entitled to no other compensation, bonus, payments or benefits except as expressly provided in this Section 11(d) or Section 11(f) below.

(e)Termination by Executive Following Receipt of Non-renewal Notice. If Executive terminates Executive's employment for any reason in the year in which Executive receives or is deemed to receive a Non-renewal Notice and at or after such receipt or deemed receipt, Executive shall be entitled to receive the Accrued Obligations at the times set forth in Sections 11(b)(i), (ii) and (iii), respectively, and a Pro-Rata Bonus, which shall be payable at the time bonuses granted for the year in which the Date of Termination occurs are paid to other senior executives of the Company. Executive shall be entitled to no other compensation, bonus, payments or benefits except as expressly provided in this Section 11(e) or Section 11(g), unless such termination occurs during the Term and is for Good Reason, in which case Executive shall also be entitled to the compensation and benefits contemplated by Section 11(b).

(f)Termination upon Disability or Death. If Executive’s employment shall terminate by reason of Executive’s Disability (pursuant to Section 10(a)(ii)) or death (pursuant to Section 10(a)(i)), the Company shall pay to Executive or Executive’s estate (as applicable) the Accrued Obligations at the times set forth in Sections 11(b)(i), (ii) and (iii), respectively, and a Pro-Rata Bonus payable at the time bonuses granted for the year in which the Date of Termination occurs are paid to other senior executives of the Company. In the case of Disability, if there is a period of time during which Executive is not being paid Annual Base Salary and not receiving long-term disability insurance payments, the Company shall (subject to Section 31(a)) make interim payments to Executive equal to such unpaid disability insurance payments until the commencement of disability insurance payments.

(g)Benefits on Any Termination. On any termination of Executive’s employment hereunder, he shall be entitled to other or additional benefits in accordance with the then applicable terms of applicable plans, programs, corporate governance documents,

agreements and arrangements of the Company and its affiliates (excluding any such plans, programs, corporate governance documents, agreements and arrangements of the Company and its affiliates providing for severance payments and/or benefits) (collectively, “Company Arrangements”).

(h)Conditions to Payments. Any and all amounts payable and benefits or additional rights provided pursuant to Sections 11(b)(A)-(D) shall be paid only if Executive signs and delivers to the Company and does not (within the applicable revocation period) revoke a general release of claims in favor of the Company, its affiliates, and their respective successors, assigns, officers, directors and representatives in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A hereto (the “Release”) within no later than sixty (60) calendar days following the Date of Termination. If Executive does not timely sign and deliver such Release to the Company, or if Executive timely revokes such Release, Executive hereby acknowledges and agrees that Executive shall forfeit any and all right to any and all amounts payable and benefits or additional rights provided pursuant to Sections 11(b)(A)-(D).

(i)Survival. Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, the respective rights and obligations of the Parties under this Agreement shall survive any termination of Executive’s employment.

12. Excess Parachute Payment.

(a)Anything in this Agreement or the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, to the extent that any payment, distribution or acceleration of vesting to or for the benefit of Executive by the Company (within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code and the regulations thereunder), whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise (the “Total Payments”), is or will be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”), then the Total Payments shall be reduced (but not below zero) to the Safe Harbor Amount (as defined below) if and to the extent that a reduction in the Total Payments would result in Executive retaining a larger amount, on an after-tax basis (taking into account federal, state and local income and employment taxes and the Excise Tax), than if Executive received the entire amount of such Total Payments in accordance with their existing terms (taking into account federal, state, and local income and employment taxes and the Excise Tax). For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Safe Harbor Amount” means the largest portion of the Total Payments that would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to the Excise Tax. To effectuate the foregoing, the Company shall reduce or eliminate the Total Payments by first reducing or eliminating the portion of the Total Payments which are payable in cash and then by reducing or eliminating non-cash payments, in each case, starting with the payments to be made farthest in time from the Determination (as defined below).

(b)The determination of whether the Total Payments shall be reduced as provided in Section 12(a) and the amount of such reduction shall be made at the Company’s expense by an accounting firm selected by Company from among the ten (10) largest accounting firms in the United States or by qualified independent tax counsel (the “Determining Party”);

provided that Executive shall be given advance notice of the Determining Party selected by the Company, and shall have the opportunity to reject the selection, within two (2) business days of being notified of the selection, on the basis of that Determining Party’s having a conflict of interest or other reasonable basis, in which case the Company shall select an alternative auditing firm among the ten largest accounting firms in the United States or alternative independent qualified tax counsel, which shall become the Determining Party. Such Determining Party shall provide its determination (the “Determination”), together with detailed supporting calculations and documentation to the Company and Executive, within ten (10) business days of the termination of Executive’s employment or at such other time mutually agreed by the Company and Executive. If the Determining Party determines that no Excise Tax is payable by Executive with respect to the Total Payments, it shall furnish Executive with an opinion reasonably acceptable to Executive that no Excise Tax will be imposed with respect to any such payments and, absent manifest error, such Determination shall be binding, final and conclusive upon the Company and Executive. If the Determining Party determines that an Excise Tax would be payable, the Company shall have the right to accept the Determination as to the extent of the reduction, if any, pursuant to Section 12(a), or to have such Determination reviewed by another accounting firm selected by the Company, at the Company’s expense. If the two accounting firms do not agree, a third accounting firm shall be jointly chosen by Executive and the Company, in which case the determination of such third accounting firm shall be binding, final and conclusive upon the Company and Executive.

(c)If, notwithstanding any reduction described in this Section 12, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) determines that Executive is liable for the Excise Tax as a result of the receipt of any of the Total Payments or otherwise, then Executive shall be obligated to pay back to the Company, within thirty (30) calendar days after a final IRS determination or in the event that Executive challenges the final IRS determination, a final judicial determination, a portion of the Total Payments equal to the “Repayment Amount.” The “Repayment Amount” with respect to the payment of benefits shall be the smallest such amount, if any, as shall be required to be paid to the Company so that Executive’s net after-tax proceeds with respect to the Total Payments (after taking into account the payment of the Excise Tax and all other applicable taxes imposed on the Payment) shall be maximized. The Repayment Amount shall be zero if a Repayment Amount of more than zero would not result in Executive’s net after-tax proceeds with respect to the Total Payments being maximized. If the Excise Tax is not eliminated pursuant to this Section 12(c), Executive shall pay the Excise Tax.

(d)Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 12, if (i) there is a reduction in the Total Payments as described in this Section 12, (ii) the IRS later determines that Executive is liable for the Excise Tax, the payment of which would result in the maximization of Executive’s net after-tax proceeds (calculated as if Executive’s benefits had not previously been reduced), and (iii) Executive pays the Excise Tax, then the Company shall pay to Executive those payments or benefits which were reduced pursuant to this Section 12 as soon as administratively possible after Executive pays the Excise Tax (but not later than March 15 following the calendar year of the IRS determination) so that Executive’s net after-tax proceeds with respect to the Total Payments are maximized.

(e)To the extent requested by Executive, the Company shall cooperate with Executive in good faith in valuing, and the Determining Party shall take into account the value of, services provided or to be provided by Executive (including, without limitation, Executive’s agreeing to refrain from performing services pursuant to a covenant not to compete or similar covenant, before, on or after the date of a change in ownership or control of the Company (within the meaning of Q&A-2(b) of the final regulations under Section 280G of the Code), such that payments in respect of such services may be considered reasonable compensation within the meaning of Q&A-9 and Q&A-40 to Q&A-44 of the final regulations under Section 280G of the Code and/or exempt from the definition of the term “parachute payment” within the meaning of Q&A-2(a) of the final regulations under Section 280G of the Code in accordance with Q&A-5(a) of the final regulations under Section 280G of the Code.

13. Competition/Confidentiality.

(a)Acknowledgments by Executive. Executive acknowledges that: (i) on and following the Employment Effective Date and through the Term and as a part of Executive’s employment, Executive has been and will be afforded access to Confidential Information (as defined below); (ii) public disclosure of such Confidential Information could have an adverse effect on the Company and its business; (iii) because Executive possesses substantial technical expertise and skill with respect to the Company’s business, the Company desires to obtain exclusive ownership of each invention by Executive while Executive is employed by the Company, and the Company will be at a substantial competitive disadvantage if it fails to acquire exclusive ownership of each such invention by Executive; and (iv) the provisions of this Section 13 are reasonable and necessary to prevent the improper use or disclosure of Confidential Information and to provide the Company with exclusive ownership of all inventions and works made or created by Executive.

(b)Confidential Information.

(i)Executive acknowledges that on and following the Employment Effective Date and through the Term Executive has had and will have access to and may obtain, develop, or learn of Confidential Information (as defined below) under and pursuant to a relationship of trust and confidence. Executive shall hold such Confidential Information in strictest confidence and never at any time, during or after Executive’s employment terminates, directly or indirectly use for Executive’s own benefit or otherwise (except in connection with the performance of any duties as an employee hereunder) any Confidential Information, or divulge, reveal, disclose or communicate any Confidential Information to any unauthorized person or entity in any manner whatsoever.

(ii)As used in this Agreement, the term “Confidential Information” shall include, but not be limited to, any of the following information relating to the Company learned by Executive on and following the Employment Effective Date and through the Term or as a result of Executive’s employment with the Company:

(A)information regarding the Company’s business proposals, manner of the Company’s operations, and methods of selling or pricing any products or services;

(B)the identity of persons or entities actually conducting or considering conducting business with the Company, and any information in any form relating to such persons or entities and their relationship or dealings with the Company or its affiliates;

(C)any trade secret or confidential information of or concerning any business operation or business relationship;

(D)computer databases, software programs and information relating to the nature of the hardware or software and how said hardware or software is used in combination or alone;

(E)information concerning Company personnel, confidential financial information, customer or customer prospect information, information concerning subscribers, subscriber and customer lists and data, methods and formulas for estimating costs and setting prices, engineering design standards, testing procedures, research results (such as marketing surveys, programming trials or product trials), cost data (such as billing, equipment and programming cost projection models), compensation information and models, business or marketing plans or strategies, deal or business terms, budgets, vendor names, programming operations, product names, information on proposed acquisitions or dispositions, actual performance compared to budgeted performance, long range plans, internal financial information (including but not limited to financial and operating results for certain offices, divisions, departments, and key market areas that are not disclosed to the public in such form), results of internal analyses, computer programs and programming information, techniques and designs, and trade secrets;

(F)information concerning the Company’s employees, officers, directors and shareholders; and

(G)any other trade secret or information of a confidential or proprietary nature.

(iii)Executive shall not make or use any notes or memoranda relating to any Confidential Information except for uses reasonably expected by Executive to be for the benefit of the Company, and will, at the Company’s request, return each original and every copy of any and all notes, memoranda, correspondence, diagrams or other records, in written or other

form, that Executive may at any time have within his possession or control that contain any Confidential Information.

(iv)Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information shall not include information that has come within the public domain through no fault of or action by Executive or that has become rightfully available to Executive on a non-confidential basis from any third party, the disclosure of which to Executive does not violate any contractual or legal obligations that such third party has to the Company or its affiliates with respect to such Confidential Information. None of the foregoing obligations and restrictions applies to any part of the Confidential Information that Executive demonstrates was or became generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by Executive or by any other person bound by a confidentiality obligation to the Company in respect of such Confidential Information. Further, nothing herein shall prohibit Executive from using Confidential Information to the extent necessary to exercise any legally protected whistleblower rights (including pursuant to Rule 21F under the Exchange Act).

(v)Executive will not remove from the Company’s premises (except to the extent such removal is for purposes of the performance of Executive’s duties at home or while traveling, or except as otherwise specifically authorized by the Company) any Company document, record, notebook, plan, model, component, device, or computer software or code, whether embodied in a disk or in any other form (collectively, the “Proprietary Items”). Executive recognizes that, as between the Company and Executive, all of the Proprietary Items, whether or not developed by Executive, are the exclusive property of the Company. Upon termination of Executive’s employment by either Party, or upon the request of the Company on and following the Effective Date and through the Term, Executive will return to the Company all of the Proprietary Items in Executive’s possession or subject to Executive’s control, including all equipment (e.g., laptop computers, cell phone, portable e-mail devices, etc.), documents, files and data, and Executive shall not retain any copies, abstracts, sketches, or other physical embodiment of any such Proprietary Items.

14. Proprietary Developments.

(a)Developments. Any and all inventions, products, discoveries, improvements, processes, methods, computer software programs, models, techniques, or formulae (collectively, hereinafter referred to as “Developments”), made, conceived, developed, or created by Executive (alone or in conjunction with others, during regular work hours or otherwise) during Executive’s employment which may be directly or indirectly useful in, or relate to, the business conducted or to be conducted by the Company will be promptly disclosed by Executive to the Company and shall be the Company’s exclusive property. The term “Developments” shall not be deemed to include inventions, products, discoveries, improvements, processes, methods, computer software programs, models, techniques, or formulae which were in the possession of Executive prior to the Employment Effective Date. Executive hereby transfers and assigns to the Company all proprietary rights that Executive may have or acquire in any Developments and Executive waives any other special right which Executive may have or accrue therein. Executive will execute any documents and take any actions that may be required, in the

reasonable determination of the Company’s counsel, to effect and confirm such assignment, transfer and waiver, to direct the issuance of patents, trademarks, or copyrights to the Company with respect to such Developments as are to be the Company’s exclusive property or to vest in the Company title to such Developments; provided, however, that the expense of securing any patent, trademark or copyright shall be borne by Company. The Parties agree that Developments shall constitute Confidential Information.

(b)Work Made for Hire. Any work performed by Executive during Executive’s employment with the Company shall be considered a “Work Made for Hire” as defined in the U.S. Copyright laws, and shall be owned by and for the express benefit of the Company. In the event it should be established that such work does not qualify as a Work Made for Hire, Executive agrees to and does hereby assign to the Company all of Executive’s right, title, and interest in such work product including, but not limited to, all copyrights and other proprietary rights.

15. Non-Competition and Non-Interference.

(a)Acknowledgments by Executive. Executive acknowledges and agrees that: (i) the services to be performed by Executive under this Agreement are of a special, unique, unusual, extraordinary, and intellectual character; (ii) the Company competes with other businesses that are or could be located in any part of the world; (iii) the provisions of this Section 15 are reasonable and necessary to protect the Company’s business and lawful protectable interests, and do not impair Executive’s ability to earn a living; and (iv) the Company has agreed to provide the severance and other benefits set forth in Sections 11(b)(A)-(C) in consideration for Executive’s abiding by the obligations under this Section 15 and but for Executive’s agreement to comply with such obligations, the Company would not have agreed to provide such severance and other benefits.

(b)Covenants of Executive. For purposes of this Section 15, the term “Restricted Period” shall mean the period commencing on the Effective Date and terminating on the second annual anniversary (or, in the case of Section 15(b)(iii), the first anniversary) of the Date of Termination; provided, that the “Restricted Period” also shall encompass any period of time from whichever anniversary date is applicable until and ending on the last date Executive is to be paid any payment; and provided further, that the “Restricted Period” shall be tolled and extended for any period of time during which Executive is found to be in violation of the covenants set forth in this Section 15(b). In consideration of the acknowledgments by Executive, and in consideration of the compensation and benefits to be paid or provided to Executive by the Company, Executive covenants and agrees that during the Restricted Period, Executive will not, directly or indirectly, for Executive’s own benefit or for the benefit of any other person or entity other than the Company:

(i)in the United States or any other country or territory where the Company then conducts its business: engage in, operate, finance, control or be employed by a “Competitive Business” (as defined below); serve as an officer or director of a Competitive Business (regardless of where Executive then lives or conducts such

activities); perform any work as an employee, consultant (other than as a member of a professional consultancy, law firm, accounting firm or similar professional enterprise that has been retained by the Competitive Business and where Executive has no direct role in such professional consultancy and maintains the confidentiality of all information acquired by Executive during his employment with the Company), contractor, or in any other capacity with, a Competitive Business; directly or indirectly invest or own any interest in a Competitive Business (regardless of where Executive then lives or conducts such activities); or directly or indirectly provide any services or advice to any business, person or entity who or which is engaged in a Competitive Business (other than as a member of a professional consultancy, law firm, accounting firm or similar professional enterprise that has been retained by the Competitive Business and where Executive has no direct role in such professional consultancy and maintains the confidentiality of all information acquired by Executive during his employment with the Company). A “Competitive Business” is any business, person or entity who or which, anywhere within that part of the United States, or that part of any other country or territory, where the Company conducts business, directly or indirectly through any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with such business, offers, provides, markets or sells any service or product of a type that is offered or marketed by or competitive with a service or product offered or marketed by the Company at the time Executive’s employment terminates or is being planned to be offered or marketed by the Company with Executive’s participation, or who or which in any case is preparing or planning to do so. To appropriately take account of the highly competitive nature of the Company’s business, the Parties agree that any business engaged in any of the activities set forth on Schedule 1 shall be deemed to be a “Competitive Business.” The provisions of this Section 15 shall not be construed or applied so as to prohibit Executive from owning not more than five percent (5%) of any class of securities that is publicly traded on any national or regional securities exchange, as long as Executive’s investment is passive and Executive does not lend or provide any services or advice to such business or otherwise violate the terms of this Agreement in connection with such investment;

(ii)contact, solicit or provide any service in connection with any Competitive Business to any person or entity that was a customer franchisee, or prospective customer of the Company at any time during Executive’s employment (a prospective customer being one to whom the Company had made a business proposal within twelve (12) months prior to the time Executive’s employment terminated); or directly solicit or encourage any customer, franchisee or subscriber of the Company to purchase any service or product of a type offered by or competitive with any product or service provided by the Company, or to reduce the amount or level of business purchased by such customer, franchisee or subscriber from the Company; or take away or procure for the benefit of any Competitive Business, any business of a type provided by or competitive with a product or service offered by the Company; or

(iii)solicit, recruit or hire for employment or provision of consulting services any person or persons who are employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, or who were so employed at any time within a period of six (6) months

immediately prior to the Date of Termination, or otherwise interfere with the relationship between any such person and the Company; nor will Executive assist anyone else in recruiting any such employee to work for another company or business or discuss with any such person leaving the employ of the Company or engaging in a business activity in competition with the Company. This provision shall not apply to secretarial, clerical, custodial or maintenance employees, nor shall it prohibit Executive from providing a personal reference for the person or persons described in this subsection in response to a request for such a personal reference.

If Executive violates any covenant contained in this Section 15, then the term of the covenants in this Section 15 shall be extended by the period of time Executive was in violation of the same.

(c)Provisions Pertaining to the Covenants. Executive recognizes that the existing business of the Company extends to various locations and areas throughout the United States and will extend hereafter to other countries and territories and agrees that the scope of this Section 15 shall extend to any part of the United States, and any other country or territory, where the Company operates or conducts business, or has concrete plans to do so at the time Executive’s employment terminates. It is agreed that Executive’s services hereunder are special, unique, unusual and extraordinary giving them peculiar value, the loss of which cannot be reasonably or adequately compensated for by damages, and in the event of Executive’s breach of this Section 15, the Company shall be entitled to equitable relief by way of injunction or otherwise in addition to the cessation of payments and benefits hereunder. If any provision of Section 13, 14 or 15 is deemed to be unenforceable by a court (whether because of the subject matter of the provision, the duration of a restriction, the geographic or other scope of a restriction or otherwise), that provision shall not be rendered void but the Parties instead agree that the court shall amend and alter such provision to such lesser degree, time, scope, extent and/or territory as will grant the Company the maximum restriction on Executive’s activities permitted by applicable law in such circumstances. The Company’s failure to exercise its rights to enforce the provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected by the existence or non-existence of any other similar agreement for anyone else employed by the Company or by the Company’s failure to exercise any of its rights under any such agreement.

(d)Whistleblower Protection. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, no provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted so as to impede Executive (or any other individual) from reporting possible violations of federal law or regulation to any governmental agency or entity, including but not limited to the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Congress, and any agency Inspector General, or making other disclosures under the whistleblower provisions of federal law or regulation. Executive does not need the prior authorization of the Company to make any such reports or disclosures and Executive shall not be not required to notify the Company that such reports or disclosures have been made.

(e)Trade Secrets. 18 U.S.C. § 1833(b) provides: “An individual shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or State trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that-(A) is made-(i) in confidence to a Federal, State, or local government official,

either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and (ii) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (B) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal.” Nothing in this Agreement is intended to conflict with 18 U.S.C. § 1833(b) or create liability for disclosures of trade secrets that are expressly allowed by 18 U.S.C. § 1833(b). Accordingly, the Parties have the right to disclose in confidence trade secrets to federal, state, and local government officials, or to an attorney, for the sole purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law. The Parties also have the right to disclose trade secrets in a document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, but only if the filing is made under seal and protected from public disclosure.

(f)Notices. In order to preserve the Company’s rights under this Agreement, the Company is authorized to advise any potential or future employer, any third party with whom Executive may become employed or enter into any business or contractual relationship with, and any third party whom Executive may contact for any such purpose, of the existence of this Agreement and its terms, and the Company shall not be liable for doing so.

(g)Injunctive Relief and Additional Remedy. Executive acknowledges that the injury that would be suffered by Company as a result of a breach of the provisions of this Agreement (including any provision of Sections 13, 14 and 15) would be irreparable and that an award of monetary damages to the Company for such a breach would be an inadequate remedy. Consequently, the Company will have the right, in addition to any other rights it may have, to obtain injunctive relief to restrain any breach or threatened breach or otherwise to specifically enforce any provision of this Agreement, and the Company will not be obligated to post bond or other security in seeking such relief. Without limiting the Company’s rights under this Section 15 or any other remedies of the Company, in the event of a determination by a court of competent jurisdiction, as to which no further appeal can be taken or as to which the time to appeal has expired, that Executive has willfully breached a material obligation under Section 13, 14 or 15, (i) the Company will have the right to cease making any payments otherwise due to Executive under this Agreement and (ii) Executive will repay to the Company all amounts paid to him under this Agreement on and following the date that such breach first occurred (as determined by the court), including but not limited to the return of any stock and options (and stock purchased through the exercise of options) that first became vested following such date, and the proceeds of the sale of any such stock.

(h)Covenants of Sections 13, 14 and 15 are Essential and Independent Covenants. The covenants by Executive in Sections 13, 14 and 15 are essential elements of this Agreement, and without Executive’s agreement to comply with such covenants, the Company would not have entered into this Agreement or employed Executive. The Company and Executive have independently consulted their respective counsel and have been advised in all respects concerning the reasonableness and propriety of such covenants, with specific regard to the nature of the business conducted by the Company. Executive’s covenants in Sections 13, 14 and 15 are independent covenants and the existence of any claim by Executive against the Company, under this Agreement or otherwise, will not excuse Executive’s breach of any covenant in Section 13, 14 or 15. If Executive’s employment hereunder is terminated, this Agreement will continue in full force and effect as is necessary or appropriate to enforce the

covenants and agreements of Executive in Sections 13, 14 and 15. The Company’s right to enforce the covenants in Sections 13, 14 and 15 shall not be adversely affected or limited by the Company’s failure to have an agreement with another employee with provisions at least as restrictive as those contained in Section 13, 14 or 15, or by the Company’s failure or inability to enforce (or agreement not to enforce) in full the provisions of any other or similar agreement containing one or more restrictions of the type specified in Sections 13, 14 and 15.

16. Representations and Further Agreements.

(a)Executive represents, warrants and covenants to the Company that Executive is knowledgeable and sophisticated as to business matters, including the subject matter of this Agreement, and that prior to assenting to the terms of this Agreement, or giving the representations and warranties herein, Executive has been given a reasonable time to review it and has consulted with counsel of Executive’s choice; and

(b)During Executive’s employment with the Company and subsequent to the cessation thereof, Executive will reasonably cooperate with Company, and furnish any and all complete and truthful information, testimony or affidavits in connection with any matter that arose during Executive’s employment, that in any way relates to the business or operations of the Company or any of its parent or subsidiary corporations or affiliates, or of which Executive may have any knowledge or involvement; and will consult with and provide information to the Company and its representatives concerning such matters. Executive shall reasonably cooperate with the Company in the protection and enforcement of any intellectual property rights that relate to services performed by Executive for Company, whether under the terms of this Agreement or prior to the execution of this Agreement. This shall include without limitation executing, acknowledging, and delivering to the Company all documents or papers that may be necessary to enable the Company to publish or protect such intellectual property rights. Subsequent to the cessation of Executive’s employment with the Company, the Parties will make their best efforts to have such cooperation performed at reasonable times and places and in a manner as not to unreasonably interfere with any other employment in which Executive may then be engaged. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed or interpreted as requiring Executive to provide any testimony, sworn statement or declaration that is not complete and truthful. If the Company requires Executive to travel outside the metropolitan area in the United States where Executive then resides to provide any testimony or otherwise provide any such assistance, then the Company will reimburse Executive for any reasonable, ordinary and necessary travel and lodging expenses incurred by Executive to do so; provided that Executive submits all documentation required under the Company’s standard travel expense reimbursement policies and as otherwise may be required to satisfy any requirements under applicable tax laws for the Company to deduct those expenses. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed or interpreted as requiring Executive to provide any testimony or affidavit that is not complete and truthful.

(c)The Company represents and warrants that (i) it is fully authorized by action of the Board (and of any other Person or body whose action is required) to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations under it, (ii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by it does not violate any applicable law, regulation, order, judgment or decree

or any agreement, arrangement, plan or corporate governance document to which it is a party or by which it is bound, and (iii) upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Parties, this Agreement shall be a valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally.

17. Mutual Non-Disparagement. Neither the Company nor Executive shall make any oral or written statement about the other Party which is intended or reasonably likely to disparage the other Party, or otherwise degrade the other Party’s reputation in the business or legal community or in the telecommunications industry.

18. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Executive agrees to comply in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”), which provides generally that: under no circumstances will foreign officials, representatives, political parties or holders of public offices be offered, promised or paid any money, remuneration, things of value, or provided any other benefit, direct or indirect, in connection with obtaining or maintaining contracts or orders hereunder. When any representative, employee, agent, or other individual or organization associated with Executive is required to perform any obligation related to or in connection with this Agreement, the substance of this section shall be imposed upon such person and included in any agreement between Executive and any such person. A material violation by Executive of the provisions of the FCPA shall constitute a material breach of this Agreement and shall entitle the Company to terminate Executive’s employment for Cause in accordance with Section 10(a)(iii).

19. Purchases and Sales of the Company’s Securities. Executive has read and agrees to comply in all respects with the Company’s Policy Regarding the Purchase and Sale of the Company’s Securities by Employees (the “Policy”), as the Policy may be amended from time to time. Specifically, and without limitation, Executive agrees that Executive shall not purchase or sell stock in the Company at any time (a) that Executive possesses material non-public information about the Company or any of its businesses; and (b) during any “Trading Blackout Period” as may be determined by the Company as set forth in the Policy from time to time.

20. Withholding. Anything to the contrary notwithstanding, all payments required to be made by the Company hereunder to Executive or his estate or beneficiary shall be subject to the withholding of such amounts, if any, relating to tax and other payroll deductions as the Company may reasonably determine it should withhold pursuant to applicable law or regulation, and other withholding amounts authorized by Executive.

21. Notices. Any written notice required by this Agreement will be deemed provided and delivered to the intended recipient when (a) delivered in person by hand; (b) on the date of transmission, if delivered by confirmed facsimile; (c) three (3) calendar days after being sent via U.S. certified mail, return receipt requested; or (d) the calendar day after being sent via overnight courier, in each case when such notice is properly addressed to the following address and with all postage and similar fees having been paid in advance:


If to the Company:			Charter Communications, Inc.
			400 Washington Blvd.
			Stamford, Connecticut 06902
			Attention: General Counsel

			Facsimile: (203) 564-1377

If to Executive, to the home address and facsimile number of Executive most recently on file in the records of the Company;

Either Party may change the address to which notices, requests, demands and other communications to such Party shall be delivered personally or mailed by giving written notice to the other Party in the manner described above.

22. Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be for the benefit of and binding upon the Parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representatives, legal representatives, successors and, where applicable, assigns.

23. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement among the Parties with respect to its specific subject matter and supersedes any prior oral and written communications, agreements and understandings among the Parties concerning the specific subject matter hereof, including, without limitation, the Prior Employment Agreement. This Agreement may not be modified, amended, altered, waived or rescinded in any manner, except by written instrument signed by both of the Parties hereto that expressly refers to the provision of this Agreement that is being modified, amended, altered, waived or rescinded; provided, however, that the waiver by either Party of a breach or compliance with any provision of this Agreement shall not operate nor be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach or compliance.

24. Severability. In case any one or more of the provisions of this Agreement shall be held by any court of competent jurisdiction or any arbitrator selected in accordance with the terms hereof to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such provision shall have no force and effect, but such holding shall not affect the legality, validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement; provided that the provisions held illegal, invalid or unenforceable do not reflect or manifest a fundamental benefit bargained for by a Party hereto.

25. Assignment. Without limitation of Executive’s right to terminate for Good Reason under Section 10(a)(iv), this Agreement can be assigned by the Company only to a company that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company and which assumes all of the Company’s obligations hereunder. The duties and covenants of Executive under this Agreement, being personal, may not be assigned or delegated except that Executive may assign payments due hereunder to a trust established for the benefit of Executive’s family or to Executive’s estate or to any partnership or trust entered into by

Executive and/or Executive’s immediate family members (meaning Executive’s spouse and lineal descendants). This Agreement shall be binding in all respects on permissible assignees.

26. Notification. In order to preserve the Company’s rights under this Agreement, the Company is authorized to advise any third party with whom Executive may become employed or enter into any business or contractual relationship with, or whom Executive may contact for any such purpose, of the existence of this Agreement and its terms, and the Company shall not be liable for doing so.

27. Choice of Law/Jurisdiction. This Agreement is deemed to be accepted and entered into in Delaware. Executive and the Company intend and hereby acknowledge that jurisdiction over disputes with regard to this Agreement, and over all aspects of the relationship between the Parties, shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to its rules governing conflicts of laws. With respect to orders in aid or enforcement of arbitration awards and injunctive relief, venue and jurisdiction are proper in any county in Delaware, and (if federal jurisdiction exists) any United States District Court in Delaware, and the Parties waive all objections to jurisdiction and venue in any such forum and any defense that such forum is not the most convenient forum.

28. Arbitration. Any claim or dispute between the Parties arising out of or relating to this Agreement, any other agreement between the Parties, Executive’s employment with the Company, or any termination thereof (collectively, “Covered Claims”) shall (except to the extent otherwise provided in Section 15(e) with respect to certain requests for injunctive relief) be resolved by binding confidential arbitration, to be held in Wilmington, Delaware, before a panel of three arbitrators in accordance with the National Rules for Resolution of Employment Disputes of the American Arbitration Association and this Section 28. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Pending the resolution of any Covered Claim, Executive (and his beneficiaries) shall continue to receive all payments and benefits due under this Agreement or otherwise, except to the extent that the arbitrators otherwise provide. The Company shall reimburse Executive for all costs and expenses (including, without limitation, legal, tax and accounting fees) incurred by him in any arbitration under this Section 28, to the extent he substantially prevails in any such arbitration.

29. Section Headings. The section headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any manner the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.

30. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement may also be executed by delivery of facsimile or “.pdf” signatures, which shall be effective for all purposes.

31. Section 409A Compliance.

(a)This Agreement is intended to comply with Section 409A of the Code or an exemption thereto, and, to the extent necessary in order to avoid the imposition of a penalty tax on Executive under Section 409A of the Code, payments may only be made under this Agreement upon an event and in a manner permitted by Section 409A of the Code. Any payments or benefits that are provided upon a termination of employment shall, to the extent necessary in order to avoid the imposition of a penalty tax on Executive under Section 409A of the Code, not be provided unless such termination constitutes a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. Any payments that qualify for the “short term deferral” exception or another exception under Section 409A of the Code shall be paid under the applicable exception. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if Executive is considered a “specified employee” (as defined in Section 409A of the Code), any amounts paid or provided under this Agreement shall, to the extent necessary in order to avoid the imposition of a penalty tax on Executive under Section 409A of the Code, be delayed for six (6) months after Executive’s “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, and the accumulated amounts shall be paid in a lump sum within ten (10) calendar days after the end of the six (6)-month period. If Executive dies during the six (6)-month postponement period prior to the payment of benefits, the amounts the payment of which is deferred on account of Section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the personal representative of Executive’s estate within sixty (60) calendar days after the date of Executive’s death.

(b)For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, the right to a series of installment payments under this Agreement shall be treated as a right to a series of separate payments. In no event may Executive, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year of a payment. All reimbursements and in kind benefits provided under this Agreement shall be made or provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, including, where applicable, the requirement that (i) any reimbursement is for expenses incurred during the period of time specified in this Agreement, (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in kind benefits provided, during a calendar year may not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in kind benefits to be provided, in any other calendar year, (iii) the reimbursement of an eligible expense will be made no later than the last calendar day of the calendar year following the year in which the expense is incurred, and (iv) the right to reimbursement or in kind benefits is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement on the date and year first above written.

CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

By:

/s/ Paul Marchand

Print Name:

Paul Marchand

Title:

Executive Vice President, Human Resources

EXECUTIVE

/s/ David G. Ellen

Name: David G. Ellen

SCHEDULE 1

COMPETITIVE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

A.The distribution of video programming to consumer or commercial customers or users on a retail or wholesale basis, whether by analog or digital technology, to any type of end-user equipment (television, computer, phone, personal digital assistant, tablet, console or other), and by any distribution platform (including broadcast, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, digital subscriber line, power line, satellite, wireless and Internet), method (streaming, download, application or other) or protocol (IP or other). Executive agrees that the following companies (and their parents, subsidiaries and controlled affiliates), and their successors and assigns, are among those engaged in competitive video programming distribution as of the date hereof: Altice USA, Inc.; Amazon.com, Inc. (including Amazon Prime); Apple Inc. (including Apple TV+); AT&T Inc. (including AT&T TV and DIRECTV); Cincinnati Bell, Inc. (including Hawaiian Telecom); Comcast Corporation; Cox Communications, Inc.; DISH Network Corporation; EchoStar Corporation (including Sling Media and Sling TV); Endeavor Streaming; Facebook, Inc.; Fox Corporation; Frontier Communications Corporation; Google, Inc. (including Google Fiber, YouTube and YouTube TV); Grande Communications Networks, LLC; HBO Max; Hulu, LLC (including Hulu Live and Hulu Plus); Lumen Technologies, Inc.; Microsoft Corporation (including Xbox); Netflix, Inc.; Peacock; Philo; Pluto TV; Public Broadcasting Service and its broadcast affiliates; RCN Telecom Services, LLC; Redbox; Roku, Inc.; Sony Corporation of America (including PlayStation); Starz; Showtime Anytime; The Walt Disney Company (including ABC and Disney+); T-Mobile US, Inc. (including Layer3TV, Inc.); TiVo Inc.; Verizon Communications, Inc.; ViacomCBS (including CBS All Access); VUDU, Inc.; Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.; and Wide Open West.

B.The provision of Internet access or portal service (including related applications and services) to consumer or commercial customers or users, on a retail or wholesale basis, whether by analog or digital technology, to any type of end-user equipment (television, computer, phone, personal digital assistant, tablet, console or other), and by any distribution platform (including dial-up, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, digital subscriber line, power line, satellite and wireless) or protocol (IP or other). Executive agrees that the following companies (and their parents, subsidiaries and controlled affiliates), and their successors and assigns, are among those engaged in competitive high-speed Internet access and/or portal service as of the date hereof: Altice USA, Inc.; AT&T Inc. (including DIRECTV); Cincinnati Bell, Inc. (including Hawaiian Telecom); Comcast Corporation; Cox Communications, Inc.; DISH Network Corporation; EchoStar Corporation (including Sling Media); Frontier Communications Corporation; Google, Inc. (including Google Fiber); Lumen Technologies, Inc.; Microsoft Corporation (including MSN); RCN Telecom Services, LLC; T-Mobile US, Inc.; Verizon Communications, Inc. (including AOL); Windstream Holdings, Inc.; and Wide Open West.

C.The provision of voice and/or data service or transport to consumer or commercial customers or users, on a retail or wholesale business, whether by analog or digital technology, by any distribution platform (including coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,

digital subscriber line, power line, satellite, wireless and Internet) or protocol (IP or other). Executive agrees that the following companies (and their parents, subsidiaries and controlled affiliates), and their successors and assigns, are among those engaged in competitive voice and/or data service or transport as of the date hereof: Allstream; Altice USA, Inc.; AT&T Inc. (including DIRECTV); Cincinnati Bell, Inc. (including Hawaiian Telecom); Comcast Corporation; Cox Communications, Inc.; DISH Network Corporation; EarthLink Holdings Corp; EchoStar Corporation (including Sling Media); Frontier Communications Corporation; Fusion Cloud Services, LLC; Google, Inc. (including Google Fiber and Google Voice); Lumen Technologies, Inc.; Lumos Networks Corp.; magicJack; Microsoft Corporation (including Skype); Ooma, Inc.; RCN Telecom Services, LLC; T-Mobile US, Inc.; Vonage Holdings Corp.; Verizon Communications, Inc.; Wide Open West; Windstream Holdings, Inc.; and Zayo Group Holdings, Inc.

D.The provision of wireless communications services to consumer or commercial customers or users, on a retail or wholesale basis, whether by analog or digital technology, to any type of end-user equipment (television, computer, phone, personal digital assistant, tablet, console or other) and by any technology or protocol (IP or other). Executive agrees that the following companies (and their parents, subsidiaries and controlled affiliates), and their successor and assigns, are among those engaged in the provision of competitive wireless service as of the date hereof: AT&T Inc.; Boingo Wireless, Inc.; DISH Network Corporation; T-Mobile US, Inc. (including Metro); Verizon Communications, Inc.; and Windstream Holdings, Inc.

E.The sale of other provision of advertising to commercial customers, directly or indirectly through representation groups, cooperatives or otherwise, on a retail or wholesale basis, for distribution by analog or digital technology, to any type of end-user equipment (television, computer, phone, personal digital assistant, tablet, console or other), by any distribution platform (including broadcast, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, digital subscriber line, power line, satellite, wireless and Internet), method (streaming, download, application or other) or protocol (IP or other). Executive agrees that the following companies (and their parents, subsidiaries and controlled affiliates), and their successors and assigns, are among those engaged in such competitive activities as of the date hereof; Altice USA, Inc.; Apple, Inc.; AT&T Inc. (including DIRECTV); Comcast Corporation; Cox Communications, Inc.; DISH Network Corporation; EchoStar Corporation (including Sling Media); Facebook, Inc.; Google, Inc. (including YouTube); Microsoft Corporation (including MSN); RCN Telecom Services, LLC; Verizon Communications, Inc. (including AOL); Viamedia, Inc.; and Wide Open West.

[End of Schedule 1]

EXHIBIT A

RELEASE

This Release of Claims (this “Release”) is entered into as of the “Date of Termination” (as defined in that certain Employment Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2021, to which DAVID G. ELLEN (“Executive”) and CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), are parties, as such agreement is from time to time amended in accordance with its terms (the “Employment Agreement”).

1.Release of Claims by Executive.

(a)Pursuant to Section 11(h) of the Employment Agreement, Executive, with the intention of binding himself and his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns (collectively, and together with Executive, the “Executive Releasors”), hereby releases, remises, acquits and forever discharges the Company and each of its subsidiaries and affiliates (the “Company Affiliated Group”), and their past and present directors, employees, agents, attorneys, accountants, representatives, plan fiduciaries, and the successors, predecessors and assigns of each of the foregoing (collectively, and together with the members of the Company Affiliated Group, the “Company Released Parties”), of and from any and all claims, actions, causes of action, complaints, charges, demands, rights, damages, debts, sums of money, accounts, financial obligations, suits, expenses, attorneys’ fees and liabilities of whatever kind or nature in law, equity or otherwise, whether accrued, absolute, contingent, unliquidated or otherwise and whether now known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, that arise out of, or relate in any way to, events occurring on or before the date hereof relating to Executive’s employment or the termination of such employment (collectively, “Released Claims”) and that Executive, individually or as a member of a class, now has, owns or holds, or has at any time heretofore had, owned or held, against any Company Released Party in any capacity, including any and all Released Claims (i) arising out of or in any way connected with Executive’s service to any member of the Company Affiliated Group (or the predecessors thereof) in any capacity (including as an employee, officer or director), or the termination of such service in any such capacity, (ii) for severance or vacation benefits, unpaid wages, salary or incentive payments, (iii) for breach of contract, wrongful discharge, impairment of economic opportunity, defamation, intentional infliction of emotional harm or other tort, (iv) for any violation of applicable federal, state and local labor and employment laws (including all laws concerning unlawful and unfair labor and employment practices) and (v) for employment discrimination under any applicable federal, state or local statute, provision, order or regulation, and including, without limitation, any claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”) and any similar or analogous state statute, excepting only that no claim in respect of any of the following rights shall constitute a Released Claim:

(1)any right arising under, or preserved by, this Release or the Employment Agreement;

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(2)for avoidance of doubt, any right to indemnification under (i) applicable corporate law, (ii) the by-laws or certificate of incorporation of any Company Released Party, (iii) any other agreement between Executive and a Company Released Party or (iv) as an insured under any director’s and officer’s liability insurance policy now or previously in force; or

(3)for avoidance of doubt, any claim for benefits under any health, disability, retirement, life insurance or similar employee benefit plan of the Company Affiliated Group.

(b)No Executive Releasor shall file or cause to be filed any action, suit, claim, charge or proceeding with any governmental agency, court or tribunal relating to any Released Claim within the scope of this Section 1 (each, individually, a “Proceeding”), and no Executive Releasor shall participate voluntarily in any Proceeding; provided, however, and subject to the immediately following sentence, nothing set forth herein is intended to or shall interfere with Executive’s right to participate in a Proceeding with any appropriate federal, state, or local government agency enforcing discrimination laws, nor shall this Agreement prohibit Executive from cooperating with any such agency in its investigation. Executive waives any right he may have to benefit in any manner from any relief (whether monetary or otherwise) arising out of any Proceeding.

(c)In the event any Proceeding within the scope of this Section 1 is brought by any government agency, putative class representative or other third Party to vindicate any alleged rights of Executive, (i) Executive shall, except to the extent required or compelled by law, legal process or subpoena, refrain from participating, testifying or producing documents therein, and (ii) all damages, inclusive of attorneys’ fees, if any, required to be paid to Executive by the Company as a consequence of such Proceeding shall be repaid to the Company by Executive within ten (10) calendar days of his receipt thereof.

(d)The amounts and other benefits set forth in Sections 11(b)(A)-(D) of the Employment Agreement, to which Executive would not otherwise be entitled, are being paid to Executive in return for Executive’s execution and non-revocation of this Release and Executive’s agreements and covenants contained in the Employment Agreement. Executive acknowledges and agrees that the release of claims set forth in this Section 1 is not to be construed in any way as an admission of any liability whatsoever by any Company Released Party, any such liability being expressly denied.

(e)The release of claims set forth in this Section 1 applies to any relief in respect of any Released Claim of any kind, no matter how called, including wages, back pay, front pay, compensatory damages, liquidated damages, punitive damages, damages for pain or suffering, costs, and attorney’s fees and expenses. Executive specifically acknowledges that his acceptance of the terms of the release of claims set forth in this Section 1 is, among other things, a specific waiver of his rights, claims and causes of action under Title VII, ADEA and any state or local law or regulation in respect of discrimination of any kind; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed, nor does anything contained herein purport, to be a waiver of any right or claim or cause of action which by law Executive is not permitted to waive.

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2.Voluntary Execution of Release.

BY HIS SIGNATURE BELOW, EXECUTIVE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT:

(a)HE HAS RECEIVED A COPY OF THIS RELEASE AND WAS OFFERED A PERIOD OF TWENTY-ONE (21) DAYS TO REVIEW AND CONSIDER IT;

(b)IF HE SIGNS THIS RELEASE PRIOR TO THE EXPIRATION OF TWENTY-ONE (21) CALENDAR DAYS, HE KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES AND GIVES UP THIS RIGHT OF REVIEW;

(c)HE HAS THE RIGHT TO REVOKE THIS RELEASE FOR A PERIOD OF SEVEN (7) CALENDAR DAYS AFTER HE SIGNS IT BY MAILING OR DELIVERING A WRITTEN NOTICE OF REVOCATION TO THE COMPANY NO LATER THAN THE CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON THE SEVENTH CALENDAR DAY AFTER THE DAY ON WHICH HE SIGNED THIS RELEASE;

(d)THIS RELEASE SHALL NOT BECOME EFFECTIVE OR ENFORCEABLE UNTIL THE FOREGOING SEVEN DAY REVOCATION PERIOD HAS EXPIRED WITHOUT THE RELEASE HAVING BEEN REVOKED;

(e)THIS RELEASE WILL BE FINAL AND BINDING AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF THE FOREGOING REVOCATION PERIOD REFERRED TO IN SECTION 2(c), AND FOLLOWING SUCH REVOCATION PERIOD EXECUTIVE AGREES NOT TO CHALLENGE ITS ENFORCEABILITY;

(f)HE IS AWARE OF HIS RIGHT TO CONSULT AN ATTORNEY, HAS BEEN ADVISED IN WRITING TO CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY, AND HAS HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY, IF DESIRED, PRIOR TO SIGNING THIS RELEASE;

(g)NO PROMISE OR INDUCEMENT FOR THIS RELEASE HAS BEEN MADE EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT AND THIS RELEASE; AND

(h)HE HAS CAREFULLY READ THIS RELEASE, ACKNOWLEDGES THAT HE HAS NOT RELIED ON ANY REPRESENTATION OR STATEMENT, WRITTEN OR ORAL, NOT SET FORTH IN THIS DOCUMENT OR THE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT, AND WARRANTS AND REPRESENTS THAT HE IS SIGNING THIS RELEASE KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY.

3.Miscellaneous.

The provisions of the Employment Agreement relating to representations, successors, notices, amendments/waivers, headings, severability, choice of law, references, arbitration and

A-3

counterparts/faxed signatures, shall apply to this Release as if set fully forth in full herein, with references in such Sections to “this Agreement” being deemed, as appropriate, to be references to this Release. For avoidance of doubt, this Section 3 has been included in this Release solely for the purpose of avoiding the need to repeat herein the full text of the referenced provisions of the Employment Agreement.

[Signature Page Follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Executive has acknowledged, executed and delivered this Release on the date indicated below.

/s/ David G. Ellen

Name: David G. Ellen

Date:

July 27, 2021

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Document

Exhibit 31.1

I, Thomas M. Rutledge, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: July 30, 2021


/s/ Thomas M. Rutledge

Thomas M. Rutledge

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Document

Exhibit 31.2

I, Christopher L. Winfrey, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc.;

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: July 30, 2021


/s/ Christopher L. Winfrey

Christopher L. Winfrey

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Document

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE

OFFICER REGARDING PERIODIC REPORT CONTAINING

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

I, Thomas M. Rutledge, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Charter Communications, Inc. (the "Company") in compliance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, hereby certify that, the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 (the "Report") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission:

•fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

•the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


/s/ Thomas M. Rutledge

Thomas M. Rutledge

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

July 30, 2021

Document

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL

OFFICER REGARDING PERIODIC REPORT CONTAINING

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

I, Christopher L. Winfrey, the Chief Financial Officer of Charter Communications, Inc. (the "Company"), in compliance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, hereby certify that, the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 (the "Report") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission:

•fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

•the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


/s/ Christopher L. Winfrey

Christopher L. Winfrey

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

July 30, 2021